The 13 Forms of Insect Antennae

The 13 Forms of Insect Antennae Antennae are movable sensory organs located on the head of most arthropods. All insects have a pair of antennae, but spiders have none. Insect antennae are segmented, and usually located above or between the eyes. How Do Insects Use Antennae? Antennae serve different sensory functions for different insects. In general, the antennae might be used to detect odors and tastes, wind speed and direction, heat and moisture, and even touch. A few insects have auditory insects on their antennae, so theyre involved in hearing.  In some insects, the antennae may even serve a non-sensory function, such as grasping prey. 13 Different Shapes Because antennae serve different functions, their forms vary greatly within the insect world. In all, there are about 13 different antennae shapes, and the form of an insects antennae may be an important key to its identification. Learn to differentiate the forms of insect antennae, and it will help you improve your insect identification skills. Aristate Are Pouch-Like Aristate antennae are pouch-like, with a lateral bristle. Aristate antennae are most notably found in the Diptera (true flies). Capitate Have a Prominent Club or Knob at Their Ends Capitate antennae have a prominent club or knob at their ends. The term capitate derives from the Latin caput, meaning head. Butterflies (Lepidoptera)  often have capitate form antennae. Clavate Have a Gradual Club or Knob The term clavate comes from the Latin  clava, meaning club. Clavate antennae terminate in a gradual club or knob (unlike the capitate antennae, which end with an abrupt, pronounced knob). This antennae form is found most often in beetles, such as in carrion beetles. Filiform Are Slender and Thread-Like The term filiform comes from the Latin filum, meaning thread. Filiform antennae are slender and thread-like in form. Because the segments are of uniform widths, there is no taper to filiform antennae. Examples of insects with filiform antennae include: rock crawlers (order Grylloblattodea)gladiators (order Mantophasmatodea)angel insects (order Zoraptera)cockroaches (order Blattodea) Flabellate Look Like a Folding Paper Fan Flabellate  comes from the Latin flabellum, meaning fan. In flabellate antennae, the terminal segments extend laterally, with long, parallel lobes that lie flat against one another. This feature looks like a folding paper fan. Flabellate (or flabelliform) antennae are found in several insect groups within the Coleoptera, the Hymenoptera, and the Lepidoptera. Geniculate Are Bent or Hinged Sharply Geniculate antennae are bent or hinged sharply, almost like a knee or elbow joint. The term geniculate derives from the Latin genu, meaning knee. Geniculate antennae are found mainly in ants or bees. Lamellate Are Flattened and Nested The term lamellate comes from the Latin lamella, meaning a thin plate or scale. In lamellate antennae, the segments at the tip are flattened and nested, so they look like a folding fan. To see an example of lamellate antennae, look at a scarab beetle. Monofiliform Look Like Strings of Beads Monofiliform comes from the Latin monile, meaning necklace. Moniliform antennae look like strings of beads. The segments are usually spherical, and uniform in size. The termites (order Isoptera) are a good example of insects with moniliform antennae. Pectinate Have a Comb-Like Shape The segments of pectinate antennae are longer on one side, giving each antennae a comb-like shape. Bipectinate antennae look like two-sided combs. The term pectinate derives from the Latin pectin, meaning comb. Pectinate antennae are found mainly in some beetles and sawflies. Plumose Have  a Feathery Appearance The segments of plumose antennae have fine branches, giving them a feathery appearance. The term plumose derives from the Latin pluma, meaning feather. Insects with plumose antennae include some of the true flies, such as mosquitoes, and moths. Serrate Look Like a Saw Blade The segments of serrate antennae are notched or angled on one side, making the antennae look like a saw blade. The term serrate derives from the Latin serra, meaning saw. Serrate antennae are found in some beetles. Setaceous Are Bristle-Shaped The term setaceous comes from the Latin seta, meaning bristle. Setaceous antennae are bristles of insects with setaceous antennae include mayflies (order Ephemeroptera) and dragonflies and damselflies (order Odonata). Stylate Terminate in a Long, Slender Point Stylate  comes from the Latin  stylus, meaning pointed instrument. In stylate antennae, the final segment terminates in a long, slender point, called a style. The style may be hairlike but will extend from the end and never from the side. Stylate antennae are found most notably in certain true flies of the suborder Brachycera (such as robber flies, snipe flies, and bee flies). Source: Triplehorn, Charles A. and Johnson, Norman F. Borror and DeLongs Introduction to the Study of Insects. 7th Edition

African American History and Women Timeline

African American History and Women Timeline What have African American women contributed to American history? How have they been affected by historical events? Find out in the timeline, which includes these: events featuring African American womenbirth and death dates for many notable African American womengeneral African American events which had significant impact on African American women and families as well as menevents involving key women whose work influenced African American history, for instance the involvement of many European American women in anti-slavery workbirth and death dates for key women whose work was important in African American history, for instance in anti-slavery or civil rights work Start with the timeline period youre most interested in: [1492-1699]  [1700-1799] [1800-1859] [1860-1869] [1870-1899] [1900-1919] [1920-1929] [1930-1939] [1940-1949] [1950-1959] [1960-1969] [1970-1979] [1980-1989] [1990-1999] [2000-] Women and African American History: 1492-1699 1492 Columbus discovered America, from the perspective of Europeans. Queen Isabella of Spain declared all indigenous peoples her subjects, in the lands claimed by Columbus for Spain, preventing the Spanish conquerors from enslaving the Native Americans. The Spanish thus looked elsewhere for the labor they needed to take advantage of the New Worlds economic opportunities. 1501 Spain permitted African slaves to be sent to the Americas 1511 first African slaves arrived in Hispaniola 1598 Isabel de Olvero, part of the Juan Guerra de Pesa Expedition, helped to colonize what has since become New Mexico 1619 (August 20) 20 men and women from Africa arrived on a slave ship and were sold in the first North American slave auction by British and international custom, Africans could be held in servitude for life, though white Christian indentured servants could only be held for a limited term 1622 Anthony Johnson, son of an African mother, arrived in Virginia. He lived with his wife, Mary Johnson, in Accomack on Virginias Eastern Shore, the first free Negroes in Virginia (Anthony taking his last name from his original master). Anthony and Mary Johnson eventually founded the first free black community in North America, and themselves held servants for life. 1624 Virginia census lists 23 Negroes including some women; ten have no names listed and the rest only first names, likely indicating lifetime servitude none of the women are listed as married 1625 Virginia census lists twelve black men and eleven black women; most have no names and do not have the dates of arrival that most white servants in the census have listed only one of the black men and women has a full name listed 1641 Massachusetts legalized slavery, specifying that a child inherited its status from the mother, rather than the father, reversing English common law about 1648 Tituba born (Salem witch trials figure; probably of Carib not African heritage) 1656 Elizabeth Key, whose mother was a slave and father was a white planter, sued for her freedom, claiming her fathers free status and her baptism as grounds and the courts upheld her claim 1657 A daughter of a free Negro Anthony Johnson, Jone Johnson, was given 100 acres of land by Debeada, an Indian ruler. 1661 Maryland  passed a law making every person of African descent in the colony a slave, including all children of African descent at birth whatever the free or enslaved status of the childs parents. 1662 Virginia House of Burgesses passed a law that a childs status followed the mothers, if the mother was not white, contrary to English common law in which the fathers status determined the childs 1663 Maryland passed a law under which free white women would lose their freedom if they married a black slave, and under which the children of white women and black men became slaves 1664 Maryland became the first of the future states to pass a law making it illegal for free English women to marry Negro slaves 1667 Virginia passed a law stating that baptism  could not free slaves by birth 1668 Virginia legislature declared that free black women were to be taxed, but not white women servants or other white women; that negro women, though permitted to enjoy their freedome could not have the rights of the English. 1670 Virginia passed a law that Negroes or Indians, even those free and baptized, could not purchase any Christians, but could purchase any of their owne nation [race] (i.e. free Africans could buy Africans and Indians could buy Indians) 1688 Aphra Behn (1640-1689, England) published the anti-slavery Oroonoka, or the History of the Royal Slave, first novel in English by a woman 1691 The term white is first used, rather than specific terms like English or Dutchman, in a law referring to English or other white women. 1692 Tituba disappeared from history (Salem witch trials figure; probably of Carib not African heritage) [Next] [1492-1699] [1700-1799] [1800-1859] [1860-1869] [1870-1899] [1900-1919] [1920-1929] [1930-1939] [1940-1949] [1950-1959] [1960-1969] [1970-1979] [1980-1989] [1990-1999] [2000-]

Virgin Group Case Study Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Virgin Group Case Study - Assignment Example Some of the aspects of transformational leadership of Branson include inspirational motivation. For instance, he believes in collective responsibility of teams and motivated employees. Another aspect of the transformational leadership of Branson intellectual stimulation since he challenges the existing assumptions and promotes creative ideas. He invented space travel since he believes that the earth is tiny, unlike space, and he is also committed to developing a submarine that can reach ocean floors. He has idealized influence and acts as a role model for his employees. He instills trust and high ethical behavior in his business since he is committed to environmental conservation and charity work. Branson also makes individualized consideration through listening to all employees and showing support for the teams. He understands the needs of customers and employees and this is mainly why he dressed up in and boots a cowboy hat during the opening of regular flights to Dallas to symboli ze the needs of American customers (Daft 425). If Virgin Group was to go public tomorrow, I would be willing to purchase the stock. Richard Branson would be committed to ensuring profitability and high return on the shareholder's investments. I would be assured of positive returns since his diversification and acquisition strategies would ensure positive returns even during harsh business environment. Branson has high-performance expectations thus would pursue aggressive investment strategies in order to meet the expectations of the shareholders.

Current Event Article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Current Event Article - Essay Example The Baluchis continue to observe their indigenous and local traditions that were observed. The traditions of the Baluchis to some extend control some social behavior (Ferraro, Gary, 2009). Culture as holistic system is evident from the article of the Baluchis. Culture is a system of interconnected parts. Anthropological approach, involves biological and social culture aspects of humanity (Barrett, 2004). This is the people’s genetic bequest as well as what they acquire from the environment after birth. A custom that the Baluchi refer to as Beggari is a social culture aspect is practiced. This is when a youth reaches the age of marriage but unfortunately he can’t meet the marriage expenses due to a tough economic condition that he might be facing. Such a condition allows the youth to go to his relatives and friends to discuss about the marriage decision, he therefore asks for their â€Å"Beggari,† which means, their contribution. This tradition is so much respected by the Baluchi community that even the poorest member cannot refuse to contribute to such an offer (Pirmohamad 2014). Another aspect of anthropology that makes it holistic is the fact that it studies all varieties of people wherever they may be found. As it is depicted from the article is the diversification of Baluchi language (Ferraro, Gary, 2009). The language is spoken in various countries such as Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan India, the Persian, gulf Arab-States, Turkmenistan and East Africa. It is classified as a member of the Iranian group of the Indo-European language family which includes Kurdish, Persian, Pashto, Dari, Tajik, and Ossetia. This can evidently show that the Baluchi language is integrated in various countries. It has also two main dialects: Eastern and Western, the western dialect comprises of Rakhshani in the north and Makrani in the south. It is interesting to note that areas where the eastern

Can Artificial Drainage of Wetlands Have Detrimental Effects on the Cha

Introduction: Wetland soils are widely diverse. They are found from the arctic to the tropics. They can be mineral or organic, seasonal or year-round, marine or freshwater. The one thing they all have in common is that, for at least part of the year, they are saturated with water. This saturation has a significant impact on the soil's characteristics such as the biota, chemistry, and physics. However, over the past century more than half of all the wetlands in the United States have been drained for agriculture and other uses such as construction. When the soils are drained the characteristics are drastically changed. This paper is an attempt to describe the changes in artificially drained soils and to consider a few of the consequences of these changes. Body: The physical properties of saturated soils vary somewhat from wetland to wetland but are characterized by certain processes. One is the interaction of the soil with the watertable. Three patterns of possible groundwater flow have been considered: water could flow into the saturated areas from the surrounding area (discharge), making the saturated area the focal point; water could flow through swamps because of local relief (flow-through); or water could flow from the saturated zone into surrounding areas (recharge) possibly due to differential water use by plant communities or pumping (Crownover et al, 1995). There can also be vertical exchange of water between the groundwater and saturated soil. For example, capillary effects pull water upward into the soil from the water table. Besides the vertical and horizontal flow of water, the area of the soil taken up by water is important. Wetland soils are either saturated or nearly saturated so that much of the pore space is... ...ne flatwood landscape: Soil Science Society of America Journal, 59, 1199-1206. Fausey, N.R., Brown, L.C., Belcher, H.W. and Kanwar, R.S. (1995) Drainage and water quality in the Great Lakes and cornbelt states: Journal of Irrigation Drainage Engineering, 121, 283-288. Leventhal, E. (1990). Alternative uses of wetlands other than conventional farming in Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, and Nebraska: EPA/171/R-92/006, 145 p. McBride, M. B. (2003) Environmental Chemistry of Soils: Advances in Environmental Research, 8, 5-19 Mitsch, W.J. and Gosselink, J.G. (2000). The value of wetlands: importance of scale and landscape setting. Ecological Economics, 35, 25-33 Schipper, L.A., Harfoot, C.G., McFarlane, P.N., and Cooper, (1994) Anaerobic decomposition and denitrification during plant decomposition in an organic soil: Journal of Environmental Quality, 23, 923-928

Herborist: Marketing and Skin Care Products

PROMOTION The objectives of Herborist promotion are to increase the new Herborist product awareness, increase number of sales, draw customers, enhance product recognition and brand identity. Hopefully, promotions will also benefits consumers by providing needed information about Herborist value proposition. Since there are several major competitors and local players in the South Africa market, it is important to plan to have effective strategy especially for new player with limited budget.Herborist promotion strategies will emphasize promotional strategies that reflect the lifestyle of its audience, unique value proposition and the range of media available. Herborist will also using pull strategies which mean focus on demand-driven strategy because we are target directly to the end user. Pull strategies will include free samples, public promotional events such as communities demo event, door-to-door sales, point-of-sale displays, Internet marketing campaigns and telemarketing campaig ns.Media campaigns designed to associate the product with a public good such as Chinese herbal naturalism which will differentiate Herborist’s product with existing skin care products from the competitors in the market. There are several proposal taglines we can use for Herborist in South Africa: * Beauty from harmony with nature * Beautiful & Unique You * Herborist, Herbal for Your Natural Beauty * Feels Natural†¦ * Real Herbal, Real Beauty, and Real You†¦ Media Plan Above the LineTV, Radio, Newspaper & Magazine : Herborist will focus on the State broadcasting channel with SABC1, SABC2 and SABC3. SABC1 has the highest viewership, at 70. 6% of the adult population followed by SABC2 with 60%, e. tv with 57. 1%, SABC3 with 47. 6%. For other media, Herborist will work together with Media24 that has The Daily Sun, The paper has a daily circulation of over 500 000 and readership of 7. 7-million, while Media24's other dailies have a circulation of over 800 000. For magazi nes, Media24 Magazines publishes more than 60 titles selling more than 5. -million magazines a month that are read by more than 8. 7-million people. Banner, Billboard ; Brochure : A high quality multi-folded brochure is to be promoted and distributed to all spa centers, stores, salon and malls. The placement of billboard will also crucial and important. We will place the billboard in the strategic locations which has high traffic of potential customer. The billboard ; banner will distinct with other using bright white with light green color to resemble natural healthy and using English tagline to give high end product.Online Marketing: The internet user in South Africa has increasing significantly and double from only 5 per 100 people to 10 per 100 people. The internet could also reach wider market and will be delivered to costumer with higher education and income. Regarding digital media, there were 10. 9 internet users per 100 people, 8. 5 personal computers per 100 people and 72. 4 cellphone subscribers per 100 people. Web pages indexed by Google were estimated at more than 10 billion. We also expand our relationship with Media24 Its space on the internet, 24. om , It provides a range of online services, such as careers, shopping, classifieds, property, health, free mail, instant messaging, blogs and photo albums. Media24 also owns South Africa's most popular news site, News24. com Below The Line Sponsorship & Event Marketing: We will be the sponsor for Miss South Africa Beauty Pageant that has been going for almost 50 years. In May 2012, we also are going to sponsor Professional Beauty Durban in Durban that will be focus on trend cosmetic in South Africa.In October 2012 we also are going to sponsor Look & Feel Good Expo in Cape Town. In addition, we are going to have event marketing throughout the years in beauty demo in small communities also giving public training in skin care products. Sales Promotions: There are several ways to promote Herborist. Promo tion 1: 25% Off Services for New Clients in the Spa to take customers away from competitors. Offer them a reason to give your salon a chance. Furthermore, $10 Off Next Service: Every now and then, we need to make our clients special.Promotion 2: Free $20 gift certificate with the Purchase of a $100 Herborist product. Our clients will love this idea. Not only are they buying something for friends or family, they’re getting a gift for themselves. Or we could $10 Off on Product Purchase of $100 or More. Promotion 3: 10% Off for a Positive Online Review: Many of our first time customers will look up reviews. We will encourage our positive customers to go on directory sites and leave a positive remark about their great experiences using Herborist products.Public Relations: The week prior to soft launch, the major beauty editors are to be invited for a gala dinner where they will be explain about Herborist products. This is done on a free of charge basis. Local beauty salon and spa are also to be invited to participate. Grand Opening of the Herborist to introduce Herborist’s product line to the region for all local residents and businesses is to be organised with an afternoon tea and snacks on offer. Music and a viewing of the improved facilities will be available. Spa Event

President James Monroe Fast Facts

James Monroe (1758-1831) was a true American Revolution hero. He was also a staunch anti-federalist. He was the only person to have served as the Secretary of State and War at the same time. He easily won the election of 1816 with 84% of the electoral vote. Finally, his name is forever immortalized in Americas foundational foreign policy code: The Monroe Doctrine.   Following is a quick list of fast facts for James Monroe.For more in depth information, you can also read the: James Monroe Biography Birth: April 28, 1758 Death: July 4, 1831 Term of Office: March 4, 1817-March 3, 1825 Number of Terms Elected: 2 Terms First Lady: Elizabeth Kortright James Monroe Quote: The American continents . . . are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers. - From the Monroe DoctrineAdditional James Monroe Quotes Major Events While in Office: First Seminole War (1817-1818)Convention of 1818 (1818)Florida purchased from Spain - Adams-Onà ­s Treaty(1819) Missouri Compromise (1820)Cumberland Road Bill (1822) Monroe Doctrine (1823) States Entering Union While in Office: Mississippi (1817)Illinois (1818)Alabama (1818)Maine (1820)Missouri (1821) Related James Monroe Resources: These additional resources on James Monroe can provide you with further information about the president and his times. James Monroe BiographyTake a more in depth look at the fifth president of the United States through this biography. Youll learn about his childhood, family, early career, and the major events of his administration. War of 1812 ResourcesThe fledgling United States needed to flex its muscle one more time to convince Great Britain it was truly independent. Read about the people, places, battles, and events that proved to the world America was here to stay. War of 1812 TimelineThis timeline focuses on the events of the War of 1812. Revolutionary WarThe debate over the Revolutionary War as a true revolution will not be resolved. However, without this struggle America might still be part of the British Empire. Find out about the people, places, and events that shaped the revolution. Chart of Presidents and Vice PresidentsThis informative chart gives quick reference information on the Presidents, Vice-Presidents, their terms of office, and their political parties. Other Presidential Fast Facts: James MadisonJohn Quincy AdamsList of American Presidents