Friday, January 24, 2020

Can Artificial Drainage of Wetlands Have Detrimental Effects on the Cha

Introduction: Wetland soils are widely diverse. They are found from the arctic to the tropics. They can be mineral or organic, seasonal or year-round, marine or freshwater. The one thing they all have in common is that, for at least part of the year, they are saturated with water. This saturation has a significant impact on the soil's characteristics such as the biota, chemistry, and physics. However, over the past century more than half of all the wetlands in the United States have been drained for agriculture and other uses such as construction. When the soils are drained the characteristics are drastically changed. This paper is an attempt to describe the changes in artificially drained soils and to consider a few of the consequences of these changes. Body: The physical properties of saturated soils vary somewhat from wetland to wetland but are characterized by certain processes. One is the interaction of the soil with the watertable. Three patterns of possible groundwater flow have been considered: water could flow into the saturated areas from the surrounding area (discharge), making the saturated area the focal point; water could flow through swamps because of local relief (flow-through); or water could flow from the saturated zone into surrounding areas (recharge) possibly due to differential water use by plant communities or pumping (Crownover et al, 1995). There can also be vertical exchange of water between the groundwater and saturated soil. For example, capillary effects pull water upward into the soil from the water table. Besides the vertical and horizontal flow of water, the area of the soil taken up by water is important. Wetland soils are either saturated or nearly saturated so that much of the pore space is... ...ne flatwood landscape: Soil Science Society of America Journal, 59, 1199-1206. Fausey, N.R., Brown, L.C., Belcher, H.W. and Kanwar, R.S. (1995) Drainage and water quality in the Great Lakes and cornbelt states: Journal of Irrigation Drainage Engineering, 121, 283-288. Leventhal, E. (1990). Alternative uses of wetlands other than conventional farming in Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, and Nebraska: EPA/171/R-92/006, 145 p. McBride, M. B. (2003) Environmental Chemistry of Soils: Advances in Environmental Research, 8, 5-19 Mitsch, W.J. and Gosselink, J.G. (2000). The value of wetlands: importance of scale and landscape setting. Ecological Economics, 35, 25-33 Schipper, L.A., Harfoot, C.G., McFarlane, P.N., and Cooper, (1994) Anaerobic decomposition and denitrification during plant decomposition in an organic soil: Journal of Environmental Quality, 23, 923-928

Thursday, January 16, 2020

Herborist: Marketing and Skin Care Products

PROMOTION The objectives of Herborist promotion are to increase the new Herborist product awareness, increase number of sales, draw customers, enhance product recognition and brand identity. Hopefully, promotions will also benefits consumers by providing needed information about Herborist value proposition. Since there are several major competitors and local players in the South Africa market, it is important to plan to have effective strategy especially for new player with limited budget.Herborist promotion strategies will emphasize promotional strategies that reflect the lifestyle of its audience, unique value proposition and the range of media available. Herborist will also using pull strategies which mean focus on demand-driven strategy because we are target directly to the end user. Pull strategies will include free samples, public promotional events such as communities demo event, door-to-door sales, point-of-sale displays, Internet marketing campaigns and telemarketing campaig ns.Media campaigns designed to associate the product with a public good such as Chinese herbal naturalism which will differentiate Herborist’s product with existing skin care products from the competitors in the market. There are several proposal taglines we can use for Herborist in South Africa: * Beauty from harmony with nature * Beautiful & Unique You * Herborist, Herbal for Your Natural Beauty * Feels Natural†¦ * Real Herbal, Real Beauty, and Real You†¦ Media Plan Above the LineTV, Radio, Newspaper & Magazine : Herborist will focus on the State broadcasting channel with SABC1, SABC2 and SABC3. SABC1 has the highest viewership, at 70. 6% of the adult population followed by SABC2 with 60%, e. tv with 57. 1%, SABC3 with 47. 6%. For other media, Herborist will work together with Media24 that has The Daily Sun, The paper has a daily circulation of over 500 000 and readership of 7. 7-million, while Media24's other dailies have a circulation of over 800 000. For magazi nes, Media24 Magazines publishes more than 60 titles selling more than 5. -million magazines a month that are read by more than 8. 7-million people. Banner, Billboard ; Brochure : A high quality multi-folded brochure is to be promoted and distributed to all spa centers, stores, salon and malls. The placement of billboard will also crucial and important. We will place the billboard in the strategic locations which has high traffic of potential customer. The billboard ; banner will distinct with other using bright white with light green color to resemble natural healthy and using English tagline to give high end product.Online Marketing: The internet user in South Africa has increasing significantly and double from only 5 per 100 people to 10 per 100 people. The internet could also reach wider market and will be delivered to costumer with higher education and income. Regarding digital media, there were 10. 9 internet users per 100 people, 8. 5 personal computers per 100 people and 72. 4 cellphone subscribers per 100 people. Web pages indexed by Google were estimated at more than 10 billion. We also expand our relationship with Media24 Its space on the internet, 24. om , It provides a range of online services, such as careers, shopping, classifieds, property, health, free mail, instant messaging, blogs and photo albums. Media24 also owns South Africa's most popular news site, News24. com Below The Line Sponsorship & Event Marketing: We will be the sponsor for Miss South Africa Beauty Pageant that has been going for almost 50 years. In May 2012, we also are going to sponsor Professional Beauty Durban in Durban that will be focus on trend cosmetic in South Africa.In October 2012 we also are going to sponsor Look & Feel Good Expo in Cape Town. In addition, we are going to have event marketing throughout the years in beauty demo in small communities also giving public training in skin care products. Sales Promotions: There are several ways to promote Herborist. Promo tion 1: 25% Off Services for New Clients in the Spa to take customers away from competitors. Offer them a reason to give your salon a chance. Furthermore, $10 Off Next Service: Every now and then, we need to make our clients special.Promotion 2: Free $20 gift certificate with the Purchase of a $100 Herborist product. Our clients will love this idea. Not only are they buying something for friends or family, they’re getting a gift for themselves. Or we could $10 Off on Product Purchase of $100 or More. Promotion 3: 10% Off for a Positive Online Review: Many of our first time customers will look up reviews. We will encourage our positive customers to go on directory sites and leave a positive remark about their great experiences using Herborist products.Public Relations: The week prior to soft launch, the major beauty editors are to be invited for a gala dinner where they will be explain about Herborist products. This is done on a free of charge basis. Local beauty salon and spa are also to be invited to participate. Grand Opening of the Herborist to introduce Herborist’s product line to the region for all local residents and businesses is to be organised with an afternoon tea and snacks on offer. Music and a viewing of the improved facilities will be available. Spa Event

Wednesday, January 8, 2020

President James Monroe Fast Facts

James Monroe (1758-1831) was a true American Revolution hero. He was also a staunch anti-federalist. He was the only person to have served as the Secretary of State and War at the same time. He easily won the election of 1816 with 84% of the electoral vote. Finally, his name is forever immortalized in Americas foundational foreign policy code: The Monroe Doctrine.   Following is a quick list of fast facts for James Monroe.For more in depth information, you can also read the: James Monroe Biography Birth: April 28, 1758 Death: July 4, 1831 Term of Office: March 4, 1817-March 3, 1825 Number of Terms Elected: 2 Terms First Lady: Elizabeth Kortright James Monroe Quote: The American continents . . . are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers. - From the Monroe DoctrineAdditional James Monroe Quotes Major Events While in Office: First Seminole War (1817-1818)Convention of 1818 (1818)Florida purchased from Spain - Adams-Onà ­s Treaty(1819) Missouri Compromise (1820)Cumberland Road Bill (1822) Monroe Doctrine (1823) States Entering Union While in Office: Mississippi (1817)Illinois (1818)Alabama (1818)Maine (1820)Missouri (1821) Related James Monroe Resources: These additional resources on James Monroe can provide you with further information about the president and his times. James Monroe BiographyTake a more in depth look at the fifth president of the United States through this biography. Youll learn about his childhood, family, early career, and the major events of his administration. War of 1812 ResourcesThe fledgling United States needed to flex its muscle one more time to convince Great Britain it was truly independent. Read about the people, places, battles, and events that proved to the world America was here to stay. War of 1812 TimelineThis timeline focuses on the events of the War of 1812. Revolutionary WarThe debate over the Revolutionary War as a true revolution will not be resolved. However, without this struggle America might still be part of the British Empire. Find out about the people, places, and events that shaped the revolution. Chart of Presidents and Vice PresidentsThis informative chart gives quick reference information on the Presidents, Vice-Presidents, their terms of office, and their political parties. Other Presidential Fast Facts: James MadisonJohn Quincy AdamsList of American Presidents