Tuesday, December 31, 2019

Taking a Look at Architectural Engineering - 628 Words

Discover Engineering Did you know that those people who you see working on a building aren’t engineers, those are what you call construction workers they don’t design engineers are the ones who design and make life easier. Engineering is the part of making knowledge of pure sciences, and math as construction of engines things we use on a daily base According to (dictionary.com).Did you know that the four main types of Engineers are Chemical Engineer, Civil engineering, Electrical engineering, and Mechanical engineering.. The problems that an engineer solves on a daily base are solving. The type of work that an engineering do is solve problems, also apply to the principles of science and mathematics to develop solutions, many engineers try to invent new products and design things we use on a daily base.This it the type of work that an engineer does on a major basis. The Engineer Profession The four types of engineering are Chemical, Civil, Electrical, and Mechanical engineer. Engineers solve problems by trying to save energy, and save water as much as possible according to (http://mse.rutgers.edu/about/materials_engineers_and_scientists).Chemical deals with the natural experiment some problems that they encounter are don’t make the mistake of thinking of chemical according to.,Civil design of physical and natural environment, the probability according. They encounter to make civil designs better luck, bridges, and highways withstand naturalShow MoreRelatedDesigning An Architectural Design For High Tech Machinery And Equipment1188 Words   |  5 Pagesthe world with attractive structures, innovative construction and methods and better architectural models as more and more construction projects are getting smarter. The rapid development of emerging construction opportunities with high tech machinery and equipment can make high end structures much faster, with lower costs and better buildings and structures. With modern technology and construction trends to look forward to in the upcoming future, here are some innovative construction trends whichRead MoreEvolution Of Architecture Throughout The Centuries Essay1420 Words   |  6 Pagesits roots back to the centuries before us. This paper will be taking a special look at the Roman, Medieval, Victorian and Modern time periods to give a good general view of how we’ve taken from previous designs and adapted. Reason for Paper The evolution of architecture is a very important element for anyone going into an engineering field, even for non-architectural fields as it better shows how other fields play into architectural design and techniques. By learning of the evolution of designsRead More Architectural Engineer Essay2344 Words   |  10 PagesArchitectural Engineer nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;An architectural engineer designs structures such as houses, skyscrapers, and bridges based on his knowledge of materials and how they handle forces. I. 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Introduction of Management Summary 2.0 Scope and Definition 3.0 Overviews for Requirements and Concerns 4.0 General Architectural principles 5.0 Views 6.0 Important Scenarios 7.0 Quality Property Summary 8.0 Need to Know Board 9.0 References/appendices . |Date |Version |Comment Read MoreHealth And Safety Requirements For Computer Aided Drafting And Design1581 Words   |  7 PagesCADD users attribute headaches or migraines to factors associated with VDU usage and indeed these can be triggered by things such as poor image resolution, stress relating to the work being undertaken, looking at the screen for long durations without taking appropriate breaks and sitting uncomfortably or with incorrect posture. To use a mouse safely employees should: †¢ ‘Position the mouse within easy reach, so it can be used with a straight wrist. †¢ Sit upright and close to the desk to reduce working

Monday, December 23, 2019

Analysis Of The Je Quan D. Sailes Irving - 1166 Words

Je’Quan D. Sailes-Irving APUSH Summer Assignment Chapter 1: Chapter 1 focused on introducing two politicians that were about to have a duel on July 11, 1804. Aaron Burr was the third vice president of the United States and the vice president during Thomas Jefferson’s term. Alexander Hamilton was a founding father of the United States and apart of the federalist party. Both Hamilton and Burr were each other s political rival and would insult one another until they arranged a duel to end their dispute. The duel ended with Hamilton shooting Burr in the right side causing him to die the next day. Newspapers exaggerated the situation by making it seem like Hamilton murdered Burr out of cold blood and dwindling his reputation as a politician. What interested me in this chapter was that in the past they used dueling as a way to handle disputes between one another. However, I don’t think that dueling was the smartest method of settling a coral between people because it is a selfish act that is similar to suicide and risk ruining you r life. Chapter 2: Chapter 2 consisted of Hamilton considering to resign from being the secretary of treasury if his fiscal was rejected because he would then of no use but Jefferson suggested that he could possibly help Hamilton. Hermetic meetings were hosted at Jefferson’s home, and they were arranged and called â€Å"dinners†. During these dinners Thomas Jefferson invited Alexander Hamilton and James Madison so that they can discuss the if

Saturday, December 14, 2019

Mate Selection Free Essays

It is not uncommon for individuals to bargain with themselves in an effort to create motivation where none exists: If I get the lawn mowed before noon, I’ll spend the rest of the day watching football; if I lose five pounds, I’ll buy that new dress.   Sometimes, when individuals bargain, it isn’t as much for motivation as it is for justification: If my boss won’t give me that raise, I’ll stop working those extra hours; I had every right to flip that guy off because he cut right in front of me. These are instances in which the bargaining is self-motivated, self-serving, and self-indulgent, and while effective and perhaps necessary, the stakes in most of these circumstances isn’t necessarily high. We will write a custom essay sample on Mate Selection or any similar topic only for you Order Now    After all, who’s going to know or care if a yard goes unmowed, a dress is prematurely purchased, an extra hour isn’t spent at one’s desk, or a flip-off wasn’t honestly deserved?   However, when it comes to choosing a mate in a relationship, the role played by bargaining carries a much higher stake, and the consequences of poor judgment while bargaining and/or poor bargaining tactics can be devastating. The degree to which bargaining occurs during the mate selection process varies from person to person as do the focal point(s) of the bargain; however, there are a number of areas that are particularly intriguing. â€Å"The Necessities and Luxuries of Mate Preferences: Testing the Tradeoffs† (2002)  focuses on the degree to which â€Å"women and men first ensure sufficient levels of necessities in  potential mates before considering many other characteristics† (Li, Bailey, Kenrick,   Linsenmeier).   Factors such as a potential mate’s attractiveness and social status are essential  according to Li, et al. (2002); however, because their research placed greater emphasis on  realistic economic potential as opposed to that of previous research (which allowed for  speculation regarding â€Å"how to spend imaginary lottery winnings†), a pattern that had not  previously emerged became clear: the sexes do not always agree on what constitutes a  Ã¢â‚¬Å"necessity† versus what constitutes a â€Å"luxury† (Li, et al., 2002). American social construct is partially responsible for this difference.   Men are far more likely to have access to â€Å"status, power, and resources†; therefore, these are deemed â€Å"necessary† traits by women who seek a mate.   On the other hand, men view women as the means by which offspring can be produced, and based on this, they see physical attractiveness and age as â€Å"necessary† factors in mate selection (Li, et al., 2002).   Obviously, this requires a great degree of bargaining as the two subjects are (at least initially) focused on absolutely different traits while evaluating a potential mate Where Li, et al. conclude that much of the bargaining that occurs in mate selection is based on the differences between what men and women consider â€Å"necessary,† â€Å"Gender Socialization: How Bargaining Power Shapes Social Norms and Political Attitudes,† (2005) examines the social dynamics that might be responsible for creating the basis for the differences between the sexes regarding what is â€Å"necessary† (Iversen Rosenbluth). Iversen and Rosenbluth (2005) focus on the issue of patriarchy â€Å"and explore its effects on female social, economic, and political status† in order to evaluate â€Å"mate choice preferences between agricultural, industrial, and post-industrial societies.†Ã‚   This research was an intriguing undertaking, and what it revealed was the effect that social structure had on the bargaining that took place in mate selection. Social settings that required brawn (i.e. the agricultural and industrial periods) required women willingly bargain to find a mate who was physically capable of performing basic household and wage-earning duties (Iverson Rosenbluth).   Women often bargained for a mate with physical strength by giving up living arrangements, locations, and circumstances.   Because women of the agricultural and industrial periods were not physically capable of performing some tasks and legally barred from others, there was little choice but for them to put aside almost everything but sheer physical strength when undertaking bargaining during mate selection (Iversen Rosenbluth). When the post-industrial period was examined, two significant differences were seen.   First, because the need for physical prowess to survive at home and at work had diminished, women were far less likely to bargain away everything simply to secure a strong man.   â€Å"Once employment opportunities for women [began to approach] those of men in quantity and quality, socialization [began] to shift away from [women’s] ‘playing the marriage market’ † (Iversen Rosenbluth). No longer would women willingly pack up and move hundreds of miles away from all family and all friends, nor would they automatically settle for a man of lower social and economic status in order to marry brawn—women could consider themselves wage-earners and be more choosey when it came to potential mates (Iversen Rosenbluth). The second phenomenon that was revealed was â€Å"the declining importance of virginity† that factored into the bargaining (Iversen Rosenbluth).   Where women of the agricultural and industrial periods had to secure their virginity absolutely, women of the post-industrial period were not as likely to be dismissed as ineligible brides by the men of the era simply because they were no longer virgins.   This degree of personal control had a freeing effect on women who began to see themselves as capable of autonomy (Iversen Rosenbluth). Much of this seems to indicate a breaking away on the part of women, and Iversen and Rosenbluth (2005) conclude that â€Å"while mate preferences in agrarian societies seemed to reflect an inevitable female resignation to their subordination, modern mate preferences are more egalitarian, and the gender gap in policy preferences suggest that many women are hoping to use the democratic state to make them more egalitarian still.† Given the number of times a day an individual is likely to bargain with him/herself over routine actions or mundane decisions, it seems reasonable that a great deal of bargaining go into something as significant as the selection of one’s mate.   Research seems to indicate that like other acknowledged differences that exist between the sexes, the degree to which certain factors influence bargaining with and selection of a potential mate may depend on the gender of the evaluator. Further, it seems that as time passes and the more independent women become, the more the evaluative items regarding what is â€Å"necessary† may change in the minds of both males and females. References Iversen, T. Rosenbluth, F.   (2005).   Gender socialization: How bargaining power shapes social norms and political attitudes.   Retrieved October 22, 2006. Li, N. P., Bailey, J. M., Kenrick, D. T., Linsenmeier, J. A. W.   (2002).   The necessities and luxuries of mate preferences: Testing and tradeoffs.   Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6). Retrieved October 22, 2006                How to cite Mate Selection, Essay examples

Friday, December 6, 2019

Management Theory and Decision Making

Question: Discuss about the Management Theory and Decision Making. Answer: Introduction: In this paper we discuss the ethical dilemma faced by 7-Eleven Stores Pty Ltd and the effect of ethical dilemma. In Australia, there is one more dark side of labor market which has been uncovered by the activities of 7-Eleven from last 12 months. Franchisee stores of 7-Eleven pay less than $5 for an hour to their foreign workers. These workers are worked on student Visas and being bullied and threatened by store owners for breaching their visa conditions. Some franchises which are working as low volume shops were caught for having false payroll records and they are not paying sufficient amount to their workers for surviving. Other franchisees exploit their workers for their greed. First we state the theoretical concepts of managerial ethics and relate that theories to the company, second part of the essay contains behavior guide by managerial ethics which leads to positive climate, and application of such positive climate to the company. This paper also states the different leadership styles and their consequences, and how company can create workable ethical environment at their workplace. Subsequently this essay is concluded with brief conclusion. Ethical dilemma faced by organization: 7-Eleven Stores Pty Ltd is a private company in Australia, and the owners of this company are Withers and Barlow family. Company owned license to run franchisee of 7-eleven stores in Australia. In 1977, 7-Eleven opened its first store in Australia and now company operates 630 stores in Australia. Almost 190 million transactions are conducted by 7-Eleven stores in Australia per year and they reserve on an average 6 customers per second. Sales generated by stores are approximately 3.6 billion dollars (7-Eleven, n.d.). The operations of the company are operated by Russell Withers and his sister Beverley Barlow and their spouses. In 1977, siblings brought this franchisee to Australia, and Mr. Withers also appointed as chairman of the company. 7-Eleven stores are open for 7 days in a week and 24 hours a day throughout the year and this policy of the company makes the wages of workers the most expensive item for the franchisees. Head office of 7-Eleven stores takes 57% profits from the franchisees and franchisees receive 43% from the profits which are considered as income of store. From their income franchisees also cover many expenses which include wages of workers. The data of company shows after meeting all the expenses very little amount of income was left for franchisee (Koft, Danckert, Ferguson, 2015). Thousands of people in Australia were working in 7-Eleven stores, run by franchisees holder. Workers of 7-Eleven stores revealed the systematic wage abuse they suffer while working at 7-Eleven stores. Some years back Payroll system of 7-Eleven stores allowed their franchisees to pay whatever rate they want to pay to their workers even if that rate was lower than the minimum rate. Joint investigation conducted by Four Corners/Fairfax reveals that business model of 7-Eleven is depends on the exploitation of workforce. If they were not exploiting their employees then its not possible for them to run the business profitably (ABC, 2015). This investigation of 7-Eleven stores is an example of an ethical failure of leadership. Numbers of evidences are found which shows that staff are underpaid and forced to work for long hours. There is number of international students also whose visa allowed them to work only for 20 hours. Evidences also show that these issues were going on from last six years which includes many investigations and findings by Fair Work Australia (Workplace Ethics Advice, 2015). Theories related to Ethics: Following two theories are applicable in the case of 7-Eleven: Utilitarianism theory: this theory is an ethical theory which states that best action is that action which maximizes the utility. Jeremy Bentham was the founder of Utilitarianism theory, and he describes utility as the aggregate of all outcomes which result from the action. This theory states that consequences of any action can only measure on the standard of right or wrong. Utilitarianism theory is a normative theory of ethics that mainly focus on the outcomes of action, and it choose the one action over other on the basis of its consequences whether right or wrong. It is necessary for business entities that they consider the interest of their stakeholders while choosing his actions. Following principles of utility was applied in case of 7-Eleven: 7-Eleven ignore the pain and pleasure of human life and exploit their workers for their own profit. Whether action is ethical or not is based on the outcomes of the action, and similar thing is applied in the case of 7-Eleven because company allowed the wrong action of its franchisees and allowed them to decide their payroll which cause pain to their workers and ultimately result in unethical act of the company. Therefore, it is necessary that 7-Eleven regulates the actions of its franchisees and consider the situation of their employees. In this theory Bentham equates the pleasure with good outcome and pain with bad outcome and in the case of 7-Eleven actions of company cause pain to their workers because workers does not get sufficient pay for their survival. Therefore, actions of 7-Eleven result in bad outcome (Wai, 2006). In the present case, Utilitarianism theory is directly applied and ethical dilemma faced by this company can be solved by using the question which action will result in most good and less harm. Headquarters of 7-Eleven retain the maximum profit for their shareholders and ignore the interest of their workers and other stakeholders. This situation occurs because only 43% profit is left for franchisee from which they have to pay all the expenses, and this is the only reason of wage scandal. Actions are considered good if they result in happiness of greatest people and they are considered bad if outcomes of action result in sadness of greatest people. In this case, action of company results in sadness of its employees as well as other stakeholders (Mehalu Ababa, 2011). This theory directly relates with the situation of 7-Eleven and ethical dilemma faced by the company. In 7-Eleven company mainly focus on the profits and ignore the welfare of its employees. As we stated above 57% of profits are taken by head quarter and only 43% are left for franchisees and they also meet the expenses from this 43% profit. Wages are the most expensive item for franchisee and because of less percentage of profit franchisee pay less amount to the workers even such amount was less than the minimum wage. According to Utilitarianism theory workers are not happy with the action of company and franchisee and it can be considered that actions of organizations are not ethical. Stakeholders of the company not only include shareholders but they also include workers and employees of the company. Decision made by 7-Eleven for retaining the profit of 53% increase the profitability of shareholders but it badly affects the workers of the company because franchisees are not able to provide proper wages to workers. Deontology Theory: this theory states that organizations must fulfill their duty and obligations while taking decisions. In other words an organization must follow its obligations it owes towards other persons or society because fulfilling the responsibility towards other person is considered as ethically correct. For example a deontologist always fulfills his duties towards society and follows the law. Deontology theory consist number of positive attributes but it also contains some negative attributes also. One negative attribute is that there is no logical basis is described to decide the duties of individual. For example a businessman decided that it is his duty to be on time for every meeting but this appears as good habit not as duty (Chonko, n.d.). There are number of different reasons for which this theory is considered as ethical theory. According to Kantian action is morally right if people act as per their duty, and Kantian also stated outcomes of the action does not make the action right or wrong but the motive of the person make the action right or wrong. An action is good if motive of person conducting the action is good (Syracuse University, n.d.). This theory is directly relates with the situation of 7-Eleven because payroll policy of the company allowed the franchisee to pay the arte for wages as they want to pay no matter whether such rate is less than the minimum wage. According to deontology theory action of organization is good if company follows its obligations towards society and adheres with the law. In this case, company allows the franchisee to break the law by not paying the minimum wages to workers and does not fulfill its obligations towards the society also because workers and employees are the part of society. From stakeholder point of view society and workers are the most important stakeholders of the company, and 7-Eleven breach its duties towards both society and workers. Workers of the company directly affected from the decision of the company while society affected indirect way from the decision. Payroll policy of 7-Eleven directly affects the workers and makes their situation worse. Therefore, action of company is not ethical from the point of view of deontology theory (Newman, 2013). Managerial ethics: Management ethics is usually based on social responsibility of firm. It deals with the rules related to good and bad, and it sets standards of behavior for the guidance of managers. In other words management ethics is the set of moral principles that regulates the actions conducted by organizations or individual. Whereas, business ethics are application of principles related to ethics on business relationships and activities. When managers or organizations fulfill its social responsibility then it is considered that they are working ethically and they know what is right and wrong (Tanuja, n.d.). Managers at all level required to act ethically at all standards of business because every day they take key decisions which not only affect the company but also affect its shareholders and other stakeholders which include society also. Therefore, it is necessary for individual who was acting as manager to understand and fulfill his legal as well as ethical obligations towards company and stakeholders. Organizations trusted their management and there is fiduciary relationship between the management and stakeholders. Managers of the company are responsible for their own behavior as well as for the behavior of their subordinates also and they must ensure that their action are ethical and must fulfill the duty towards both primary and secondary stakeholders. It is considered as prime responsibility of manager to recognize and conduct ethical actions to meet the expectations of the company and stakeholders, for set an example of ethical behavior, and reduce the confusion related to ethical decision making (Nelson, n.d.; Paine, 1994). There is confusion between ethical and unethical in some cases and this is known as ethical dilemma. In other words, when it is difficult to decide whether action conducted by person is ethical or not is then it is considered as ethical dilemma. Now a day ethical dilemma is common at workplaces. A study shows that managers face these dilemmas on continuous basis with competitors, workers, employees, etc. Managers can set framework for achieving the positive environment at workplace and this framework includes three elements that is the human rights, justice, and utilitarian methods. In human rights method decisions are based on the moral rights of human beings, and this method includes adherence of basic rights such as freedom, health, life, privacy, and property rights and infringement of these rights to anyone, anywhere, is considered as unethical. In utilitarian method decisions are based on the outcome of the action conducted by organization. Decision is considered as ethical if overall impact of decision is good and it considered unethical if overall impact of decision is bad. Last method is justice method and this method is based on equal and fair distribution of cost and benefits among all stakeholders of the company. It is the responsibility of managers that their employees and workers get fair pay and benefits for their work (Lattel, 2005). Application of positive climate in 7-Eleven: It is necessary that leaders and employees of the company must follow the code of ethics which result in creation of positive and ethical environment in the company. Management of the company can create ethical culture by following the ethical conduct and encourage the employees for behaving ethically. Organization can encourage the ethical behavior by different means such as by rewarding the employees who behave ethically and meet the ethical standards stated by the company, and company can also penalize those employees who infringe the ethical rules of the company. Positive climate not only increase profitability of the company but also encourages and motivate the works which led to increase in productivity and employee retention. Higher level of productivity ultimately results in increasing efficiency of the company and it also reduces the wastage cost (Kelncher, n.d.). Ethical decisions are difficult because they directly affect the profitability, employment or even in some cases personal relations. In current working culture it is difficult for organization to take ethical decision sand it takes courage to be ethical. Ethical decisions are not popular because they impact the company as well as employees. Courage to take ethical decisions is come from values and beliefs supported by organization and encouragement of organization while doing right thing (Bednarz, 2012). Managers play important role in ensuring whether employees complying with the ethical values of the company or not. In case, managers or leaders of the company does not complying with the ethical values then workers or employees lose their trust in the management, and study shows that if management ignore the ethical concerns of the company then employees of the company solve their concerns at their own level (Butts, n.d.; Guide star, 2008). In 7-Eleven leaders and management of the company does not complying with the ethical standards of the company which result in wage fraud of $170 billion. Corporate head quarters are also involved in the practice of employee exploitation. Joint investigation of four corners and Fairfax reveals that corporate headquarters review the pay roll policy of 225 stores but no action was taken by the company. All these evidences clearly show that company also involve in the exploitation of workers for earning profits (Danckert Ferguson, 2016). Leadership styles and its consequences: Autocratic leadership- this leadership style is centralized and focuses only on top management of the company or boss, and leader of the company holds complete authority and responsibility in the company. In autocratic leadership leaders made their own decision without consulting their employees, and communicate the decision to subordinates and expect implementation of decision. Following are the consequences of autocratic leadership: This style of leadership de-motivates the employees of the company. In this employees of the company are working like machine and they are not capable of doing anything at their own. There are chances of unfairness because all the power is in one hand (Johnson, n.d.). In 7-Eleven company follows the autocratic leadership style because payroll system and profit sharing policy of the company clearly shows that top management take all the decision s without consulting with their employees which result in unfairness with employees. Top management takes all the decision in the favor of company or shareholders which exploit the employees of the company. Democratic leadership- in this style of leadership employees of the company are -involved in decision making progress. 7-Eleven can apply this style of leadership in their organization which can help the top management in understanding the view of their employees. This style of leadership is centered on employees of the company which result in motivated employees because employees feel that they are also an important part of the company and final responsibility of the decision is ultimately in the hands of democratic leader. Through this style top management of the company directly connected with their employees and this helps the management to understand the situation of its employees because communication is at both sides upward as well as downward. Following are the consequences of democratic leadership: In this style, decision making is time consuming process which results in delay in decisions but this problem can be solved by improving the communication procedure of their company. This style requires educated and understanding employees. Lack of power in hands of managers (Benincasa, 2012). After evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of this theory we can state that 7-Eleven can apply this theory in their management for understanding the situation of their employees and prevent the exploitation of their employees. Strategic leadership: In this decisions are taken on the basis of strategic thinking which ignore many other important elements and ethical dilemma faced by 7-Eleven clearly show that company follows the leader with strategic thinking who only thinks about the shareholders and their profits and ignore the interest of other stakeholders. Power of decision making is in one hand which results in wrong decisions and unethical decision making. Therefore, this theory is not suitable for 7-Eleven because it increase the chances of unethical practices. Laissez-faire Leadership- in this leadership authority of organization is in the hands of employees. This leadership allow the employees or departments as per their choice and there is very less or no interference in their working. This kind of leadership is very less effective and less satisfying. Franchisee of 7-Eleven already operates the business and payroll system on their own choice which result in wage scandal (Raza, n.d.). Ethical Environment: Following are the ways through which organizations can create environment which help in avoiding ethical dilemma: Clear expectations of right things: every organization has sets of rule which are both spoken and unspoken, and they also stated guidelines which stated the actions and conduct of employees in organization. This includes all the basic conduct such as dress, behavior, attitude, etc. these rules are applicable on everyone whether they are employees, managers or top management. There are many rules which are not present in writing but these rules are implied in nature and must be followed by every individual working in an organization. Therefore, we can say that clear expectations in an organization are the first step to create ethical culture in an organization. Behave like you want to behave others: this rule is not new and practiced by individuals from many generations. If you want behavior to continue then behave like that or if you want to discontinue the behavior then dont reinforce that behavior. This rule is very easy to understand but very difficult to follow. It is necessary for mangers that they behave in same way in which they want their employees to behave. Therefore it is necessary that mangers reinforce ethical behavior and complying with the ethical standards in the company so that employees follow their steps. This rule is very helpful in creating ethical environment in the company. Take responsibility: it is necessary that top management of the company take actions and show their stakeholders that company follow the ethical standards and deal with all concerns in ethical manner. Consumers always appreciate the companies which behave ethically and like to buy products of that company. It may be possible that action is legal but not ethical but company must go beyond the compliance of law and regulation. Usually it is the responsibility of the management of the company to prove that company fulfills their commitment towards society, human rights and environment (Plante, 2015). Encourage employees: mangers and top management must encourage their employees for complying with the ethical standards and meeting the obligation towards society. Management can give rewards to the employees who behave ethically and meet the expectations of employees and they take strict action against employees who infringe the rules of organization and do not behave ethically. Speak truth to authority: it is the duty of managers that they provide fair and accurate information to their top management, and create such culture in organization in which employees and subordinates can speak truth to their authorities and share information with them without any fear. Training and orientation programs: organizations must arrange training and orientation programs for their employees because such programs are very helpful for employees to understand the importance of ethical behavior (Mayer, 2011). Conclusion: In this essay we discuss the ethical dilemma faced by 7-Eleven, and importance of ethics in business. In 7-Eleven there is wage fraud and exploitation of employees by not paying them fair wages and forcing them to work for more hours. In this essay importance of ethical environment is discussed and role of managerial ethics in making the ethical environment is also stated. 7-Eleven usually follows autocratic style of leadership which put the complete power in the hands of top management of the company and management of the company only consider the interest of their shareholders and ignore the interest of their employees. Management of the company takes all the decision without consulting with their employees which result in unfairness with employees. It is necessary for the company to understand the values and needs of its workers which are the most important part of their organization. Therefore, it is necessary for company to adopt democratic leadership style. Complying with ethical standards not only increases the wealth and reputation of the company but it also impacts the employees in very positive way such as increase in production and prevents the retention of employees. Therefore, it is necessary that organizations must comply with the ethical standards and take ethical decisions to avoid such ethical dilemmas in future. References: 7-Eleven. About Us. Retrieved on 25th January 2017 from: https://www.7eleven.com.au/about-us. ABC, (2015). 7-Eleven: The Price of Convenience. Retrieved on 25th January 2017 from: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-08-30/7-eleven-promo/6729716. Bednarz, T. (2012). Seven Practical Applications of Ethics. Retrieved on 25th January 2017 from: https://www.manufacturing.net/article/2012/02/seven-practical-applications-ethics. Benincasa, R. (2012). 6 Leadership styles and when you use them. Retrieved on 25th January 2017 from: https://www.fastcompany.com/1838481/6-leadership-styles-and-when-you-should-use-them. Butts, B. J. Ethics in organization and leadership. Retrieved on 25th January 2017 from:https://www.jblearning.com/samples/0763749761/EthicalLeaderhip.pdf. Chonko, L. Ethical theories. Retrieved on 25th January 2017 from: https://www.dsef.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/EthicalTheories.pdf. Colle, D. S. (2005). A stakeholder management model for ethical decisionmaking. Int. J. Management and Decision Making, 6 (3/4). Danckert, S. Ferguson, A. (2016). An inconvenient year for 7-Eleven. Retrieved on 25th January 2017 from:https://www.smh.com.au/business/retail/an-inconvenient-year-for-7eleven-20160826-gr1xff.html. Guidestar, (2008). Five Ways to Promote Ethics in Your Organization. Retrieved on 25th January 2017 from: https://www.guidestar.org/Articles.aspx?path=/rxa/news/articles/2008/five-ways-to-promote-ethics-in-your-organization.aspx. Johnson, R. 5 Different Types of Leadership Styles. Retrieved on 25th January 2017 from: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/5-different-types-leadership-styles-17584.html. Kelncher, L. The Importance of Ethics in Organizations. Retrieved on 25th January 2017 from: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/importance-ethics-organizations-20925.html. Lattel, D. (2005). Ethical Decision Making In the Workplace. Retrieved on 25th January 2017 from: https://aubreydaniels.com/pmezine/ethical-decision-making-workplace. Mayer, M. D. (2011). How Can We Create Ethical Organizations. Retrieved on 25th January 2017 from: https://positiveorgs.bus.umich.edu/news/how-can-we-create-ethical-organizations/. Mehalu, G. K. Ababa, A. (2011). Social Responsibility and Managerial EthicsA Focus on MNCs. Retrieved on 25th January 2017 from: https://www.druckerchallenge.org/fileadmin/user_upload/essays_pdf/kidusmehalu.pdf. Nelsom. J. K. Promoting Ethical Behavior in Organizations through Ethical Leadership. Retrieved on 25th January 2017 from: https://merage.uci.edu/ResearchAndCenters/CLTD/Resources/Documents/Promoting%20Ethical%20Behavior%20in%20Organizations%20through%20Ethical%20Leadership%202011.pdf Paine, S. L. (1994). Managing for Organizational Integrity. Retrieved on 25th January 2017 from: https://hbr.org/1994/03/managing-for-organizational-integrity. Plante, G. T. ( 2015). Six Ways to Create a Culture of Ethics in Any Organization. Retrieved on 25th January 2017 from: https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/do-the-right-thing/201507/six-ways-create-culture-ethics-in-any-organization. Raza, A. 12 Different Types of Leadership Styles. Retrieved on 25th January 2017 from: https://wisetoast.com/12-different-types-of-leadership-styles/. Rusconi, G. Management, Ethics and Stakeholder Theory: an Applicationof Italian Ethical Firm System Theory to Competitive Success/EthicsRelationships. Retrieved on 25th January 2017 from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gianfranco_Rusconi/publication/270273767_Management_Ethics_and_Stakeholder_Theory_An_Application_of_Italian_Ethical_Firm_System_Theory_to_Competitive_SuccessEthics_Relationships/links/54ad0aaa0cf2213c5fe0635c.pdf. Syracuse university.Theories of ethics. Retrieved on 25th January 2017 from: https://soe.syr.edu/academic/counseling_and_human_services/modules/Common_Ethical_Issues/theories_of_ethics.aspx. Tanuja. Management Ethics: Meaning, Need and Importance. Retrieved on 25th January 2017 from: https://www.businessmanagementideas.com/notes/management-notes/corporate-social-responsibility/management-ethics-meaning-need-and-importance/5319. Toft, K. Danckert, S. Ferguson, A. (2015). 7-Eleven stores in strife. Retrieved on 25th January 2017 from: https://www.smh.com.au/business/workplace-relations/7eleven-stores-in-strife-20150830-gjayp2.html. Wai, (2006). A study of business ethical practices in Australianorganizations: a multiple case study. Retrieved on 25th January 2017 from: https://epubs.scu.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1049context=theses. Workplace Ethics Advice, (2015). 7-Eleven Wage Scandal Reflects Corporate Irresponsibility. Retrieved on 25th January 2017 from: https://www.workplaceethicsadvice.com/2015/10/7-eleven-wage-scandal-reflects-corporate-irresponsibility.html.

Friday, November 29, 2019

Pat Summitt free essay sample

The PlayersThey’ve called Pat Summitt a ground breaker, a legend, an inspiration and the â€Å"Wizard of Knoxville,† a nod to UCLA’s John Wooden, who may be the only college basketball coach who can compare. She’s recorded more than 1,000 victories at Tennessee in women’s basketball, eight national titles, two Olympic medals (silver as a U. S. player in 1976 and gold as Team USA women’s head coach in 1984) and enough memories for multiple lifetimes. Only here comes the saddest news of all, Pat Summitt, at just age 59, has been diagnosed with early onset dementia. Really though, nothing is certain, except this is one cruel disease. There’s not going to be any pity party and I’ll make sure of that,† Summitt told the Knoxville News-Sentinel in a statement that is as pure Pat Summitt as you’ll ever find. And how brutal is it that a woman of such accomplishment, wisdom and impact might have her career cut short, robbing any number of players that would’ve enjoyed her guidance. We will write a custom essay sample on Pat Summitt or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Pat Summitt didn’t claim people owed her or her women anything. She just proved they did. Leadership behaviors Intellectually Stimulating Behaviors Re-examine critical assumptions to question whether they are appropriate Seek different perspectives when solving problems Get others to look at problems from many different angles Reexamine prior Why ,she wonders, can’t people look at the photograph in context, why can’t they understand that she’s as swift to drop her whole life and rush to her players’ sides when they have problems as she is to drop the roof on them when they screw up? Suddenly in the midst of a seemingly splendid practice, Pat might shout †Hold it! Stop! Everyone stop! † and stride toward Michelle, the way she strode one day toward forward Lisa Harrison. Individualized Consideration Some activities should be paid more attention like she demands her players sit in the first three rows of their classes and every single absence without a reasonable excuse will not be accepted. Also she asked the players to inform her every details about their daily lives, such as where to shopping or where to eat, suggests that she wants herself is able to track everyone not only in the really location but also the minds should be under the control by her. Individualized consideration is consisted in 6 parts in terms of 1. Consider an individual as having different needs, abilities, and aspirations from others. 2. Treat others as individuals rather than just a member of a group. 3. Listen attentively to other’s concerns. 4. Help others develop their strengths 5. Spend time teaching and coaching 6. Promote self-development But in this case Michelle does not perform well enough to be a good leader. There is more than a tough time has been given by her, such as to train her players in a â€Å"fascist† way, and at the same time, in short of share informal experience by face-to-face outside of the team. Ends up with which may reduce the confidence of her players. Further more, this is easy to make herself not credible among the player. And we both know a good team is totally looks like a family especial in terms of sports team. Besides that, Originally Michelle shows her short in active listening to personal concerns about player self and their career. But when she realized this problem she start to remind herself and adjust it. This part of transformational brings benefits to a good leader. In terms of conveying positive regard, as the saying goes â€Å"She makes you feel there is nothing to be afraid of in life. If you want something you can go after it as hard as you can, and you make no excuses. † A charismatic leader with a morale booster as Pat is will always be a mentor to the players. To examine her fowlers’ courage and progressive behavior, a coach as she is, always pursuit efficiency by the ways just like scrbbles points of emphasis on a notepad while taking on the phone with an assistant, carries five VCRs on road trips and watches tape of her opponents while she works out on the treadmill. Individualized influence Idealized influence How does she do it? How could she turn your name into an obscenity on the court, then walk off it and become your mother? Then, you and she are done, and her eyes are flashing to her day planner, the one she keeps gorging with duties, 10:25 appointments crowbarred between 10:15s and 10:30s. All etched in perfect calligraphy, this hand-to-hand combat with Time. Soon Michelle and all her teammates are carrying day planners, opening them together at Pat’s command to fill up a stray half hour here, a vagrant hour there, even to transcribe her annual reminder in late October: Don’t forget to turn back your clocks one hour. Soon it’s an epidemic, this guilt over a moment lost. The head coach had resigned to pursue her doctorate. She has never coached a game in her life. She has no assistant and thus she’s scared. The only thing she knows is that she will be her father and her players can be her. She has learned and be thankful to her father about human will. But she has no idea about how could she settle for filling her players with what kind of wished and the psychic power of expect. In this paper the author used a rhetorical question to find out the conjecture which whether she is cold heart inside of herself as Pat or not. The answer is definitely not. Summary She’s an indomitable presence, who made her point about increased funding and opportunity and understanding through force of will, not whine. A leader as she with charismatic leadership, come through different types of difficults.

Monday, November 25, 2019

Embraced by a Pilot Essay Example

Embraced by a Pilot Essay Example Embraced by a Pilot Essay Embraced by a Pilot Essay Embraced by a Pilot By Kylin Kharisma Jan.6.2012 Creeek! the old swing screeched, and lifted me up and down. My awareness fluttered with a gentle breeze that was caressing the wrinkled yellowing hay. I felt empty but could not understand why. My mind searched for a missing piece in my life. All of a sudden, a plane left a chemical trail, which was reminiscent of one of my birthdays spent with my father, a happier time. My father was a pilot. He worked all day and night to support our family which settled in a small town in London. On November 10th, 2001, my ninth birthday, I was waiting for my father who promised to fly back to see my mother and I. That was the only time he could return during the year. I was waiting for him to pick me up from school. But my happy dream started to fall apart, as the sun fell, and the twilight went off. It became darker and darker outside, and I could not stay any longer. Climbing to the highest floor and looking out, I tried to find any sign of a planeâ„ ¢s chemical trails, which would signal my fatherâ„ ¢s arrival. But my eyes dared not look down to the ground. The fear of height caused me to faint; I saw the ground and universe twirling. I hated my coward nature, and I hated my fatherâ„ ¢s broken promise. My visual angle was frozen at the sky where I lost the braveness that should have been given by a father. Days after my ninth birthday, dad sent me a letter: dear Dan, I am sorry I couldnâ„ ¢t come back to see you and mom. Next year, I will bring you a gift to make it up, ok Dad misses you ¦ However, a new promise seemed no longer joyful to my heart. One year later, I, sitting on the dilapidated swing, waited for my father. The chemical trail of a plane caught my attention; I saw it flying in the last rays of twilight. The red clouds looked like a sea of candy floss. Suddenly, the plane appeared at the edge of sky, getting nearer and nearer. After my fatherâ„ ¢s plane landed, he walked out, grabbed my right hand, and brought me back into the jet. We took off, and rushed higher and higher. He patted on my shoulder, and then gently asked: Dan, do you wanna skydive Such a simple question filled me with calmness and warmth. I nodded with happiness, hesitation and fear. Then we together jumped out with a parachute. I noticed something came over to me when I was embraced by my father, the missing piece of my life I always searched for. I knew deeply it was something bounded between a father and a son. Dad softly whispered next to my ear, Try to open your eyes, Daniel. I fought hard against the fear of height. Dadâ„ ¢s arms started to hold me tighter; I was sure he could feel how fast my heart was beating. I opened my eyes slowly. A streak of lambency appeared in front me with my gasp for breath. Little by little, the fear disappeared. Then, I felt different. I began to see the whole world with a very strong inner will which was braveness. My vision waved with the falling red leaves down to the boundless earth. A stream of fresh heat was injected into my blood. The experience of skydiving gave me infinite energy and a lesson of love. It was the best gift that a father gave to his son. It was braveness. Comments:

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Factors that influence recruitment and selection practices in HRIS Research Paper

Factors that influence recruitment and selection practices in HRIS - Research Paper Example light with this, several factors influences recruitment and selection practices in the HRIS depending with organization’s goals especially on what it intends to attain by recruiting new employees. Currently, many organizations heavily invest in HRIS in the effort to manage human resource. However, what they fail to realize is that HRIS should not only be concerned with, administrative human resource, but also human resource planning in order to attain their goals (Kandula 69). Therefore, it is apparent that any person to manage HRIS should contain the ultimate capability to enable the organization attain its goals. For example, somebody working in HRIS must have adequate knowledge on HRISs. This is paramount because certain knowledge about computerized applications is required to manage employee’s data and information. The candidate must as well be innovative in order to bring about knew knowledge, ideas and development in the organization (Kandula 69). This is arguably true because organizations success highly depends on the workforce abilities to deliver. In essence, HRIS involves helping the organization in analyzing job competencies and skills, salary and wages data, analysis of recruitment patterns and trends, and other strategic management in an organization (Pattanayak 46). With such information, organizations are able to effectively manage human resource. In this regard, any person heading HRIS must contain knowledge of how to articulate on these issues in order to help the organization succeed. In addition, HRIS should contain performance management system and training and development systems, which are used to evaluate and improve performance of employees. Individuals heading HRIS should have the ability to develop a system that can measure how every employee performs in the organization, and develop a system that enhances their competencies (Pattanayak 46). Different companies have different goals and objectives. However, this depends with area of

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Multiple Intelligence in the Classroom Research Paper

Multiple Intelligence in the Classroom - Research Paper Example ng and considering all of these kinds of multiple intelligences and how teachers can deal with different kinds of intelligences in the classroom using a variety of teaching strategies. In this book, the reader can find the relationship between MI theory and special education, and MI theory and cognitive skills as well. It also discusses the relationship between MI theory and classroom environment. Critics’ opinion on this theory is also a part of the book. In one of its appendixes, related MI resources are given. Related books on MI teaching are also a part of the appendixes of this book. One of the appendixes presents examples of MI lessons and programs. In this way, this book presents a thorough study on MI theory, and its education related issues. The intent of the writer, Thomas Armstrong, of writing this book, is to emphasize on different kinds of intelligences, which different human beings are gifted with, especially the students; and to tell the ways to deal with people with a variety of intelligences to optimize the ratio of success in people and to minimize failures, because of their unrecognized potentials. Armstrong emphasizes that Gardener (1983) has rightly pointed out that Western cultures value linguistic intelligence and logical or mathematical intelligence only, and Armstrong says that Gardener has pointed out that other cultures value other types of intelligence as well. Thomas Armstrong has provided his readers with he idea that a variety of teaching strategies should be used in the classroom to help different kinds of intelligences grow and to assess them finally. Adapted from a checklist that is adapted itself from Armstrong, these are the habits and characteristics, that indicate some one with a particular intelligence - some one with linguistic intelligence would enjoy writing, speaking, communicating and reading. Some one with logical and mathematical intelligence would be interested in working of things; would enjoy puzzles,

Monday, November 18, 2019

Terrorism and Homeland Security Quiz Assignment

Terrorism and Homeland Security Quiz - Assignment Example Terrorism and Homeland Security Quiz Force multipliers, in terrorism, is the process and means that aid in augmented activities in terrorism. The five types of force multipliers in terrorism are: religion, media, transitional support, technology and recruitments as discussed. Religion offers an auspicious environment for member groups to have a common ideology towards a certain goal. Religion offer doctrines used to recruit and train new members. Members have to respect the belief systems of the group such that they can even sacrifice their bodies in order to uphold the teachings. The terrorism groups use various religions such as Islam through quoting verses in the Quran that encourage killings. (Chandra, 2003). The terrorism groups use media to convey their message to the wider world, which enhances their survival, and as a means to elicit fear to the populace (Hamm, 2007). The terrorism groups use media to convey a message of ill intentions that lead to fluctuations in moral behaviors, in the society. The transitional support provides an opportunity to the terrorist to carry out an attack through offering financial support and military empowerment (Hamm, 2007). The terrorist groups use this support to deviate from the law; thus establishing their guidelines in order to control various localities within their dispensation in order to enhance their dominance. Terrorism takes advantage of the rapid advance of technology in the contemporary world, which allows inventions of explosive devices that terrorist groups use to make sophisticated bombs. Terrorist inculcate various technological skills in their training in order to make such explosive devices.

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Stakeholder Analysis Strategy And Convergence And Divergence Management Essay

Stakeholder Analysis Strategy And Convergence And Divergence Management Essay Prior to implementing a companywide change, it is important to get stakeholders on board. Organisations take their stakeholders into confidence, just to ensure the smooth transition, since they are the one who will be affected by the change. For an organisation stakeholder can be its employees, customers, suppliers, shareholders, managers, government, local community, creditors etc. n order to achieve this goal, stakeholder analyses are carried out. Stakeholder Analysis The process of identifying those who will be affected by the actions of organisation. It also enables the managers to analyze the attitudes of stakeholders towards the change. In order to carry out these analysis, following steps are taken: Identify the stakeholders in stakeholder analysis the first step is to come up with the list of any who will be affected by the organisational actions, this can include an individual, a group or an organisation. The possible stakeholders for Gill Construction can be: new Managing Director previous MD senior managers suppliers lenders / banks customers public future recruits, environment protection groups regulatory bodies Prioritize your stakeholders For organisations the list of stakeholders can be very long, in one case of university 20,000 stakeholders were identified. This doesnt mean that everyone is very important to the organisation. Hence the next step in stakeholder analysis is to prioritize stakeholders. This can be done using Power / Interest Grid. Using this grid, Gill construction can identify their key stakeholders, which can be: new Managing Director senior managers suppliers lenders / banks customers public environment protection groups and regulatory bodies existing workforce Stakeholder analysis strategy Understand Your Key Stakeholders this is the last step in stakeholder analysis. It focuses on understanding the key stakeholders, and defines the way they will be affected. It also highlights the interests stakeholders have with the organisation. It answers the following question: What financial or emotional interest do they have in the outcome of change? Is it positive or negative? What motivates them? What information do they want? How do they want to receive information? What is the best way of communicating with them? What is their current opinion? Is it based on good information? Who influences their opinions generally? Do some of these influencers therefore become important stakeholders in their own right? If they are not likely to be positive, what will win them around to support change? How to manage their opposition How they can influence others by their opinion? Convergence and Divergence Another model adopted by management gurus to analyze the stakeholders. It enables the managers to identify the factors which are opposing the stakeholders and which are supporting it. Divergence analysis of the factors which are opposing the change for stakeholders. The first step is to identify the basic change factors which are causing the opposition, these can be beliefs, values, and goals associated with the stake holders. Managers need to answers like What are their beliefs about change and which have led them to oppose it? What are the values being transgressed by change actions? Are their stress values being triggered? How is the change affecting their career social goals? Managers also need into their perception of the change, analyzing this can give them huge edge converting their opposition. They need to answer questions like What do they think about change? What do they think will happen? How do they look at other stakeholders? Convergence elements which are supporting the change. It is much focused on those who oppose the change. Managers need to understand who they are dealing with, what they are capabable how and how they can affect them. For-example A regulatory body or HSE will have permission to shut down the work in progress if they find anything in violation of the laws. Also in case of Supply chain, they may also ruin their relationship with the supplier. Banks and Lenders will have their leverage over the organisation since a loan was taken for the purchase of new machinery. Managers need to look into the following cases: How the stakeholder will be managed? Do they need any leadership or they will just follow? What made them follow the leadership How will they support the change? How prepared are they for the change? Evaluate the systems used to involve stakeholders in the planning of change Stakeholders Circle: A tool designed to gain stakeholder commitment and involve the key stakeholders in developing a change management strategy. This cycle has six steps and also known as Six Steps Stakeholders Cycle Identify the stakeholders The first step is to identify the key stakeholders, which can influence and have interest within the organisation. Prioritize the stake holders Managers need to identify the key stakeholder using the Power-Interest Grid. For Gill Construction these key stakeholders are : MD Employees Management Customers Suppliers Regulatory Bodies Map the Profile next step is to map the profile, how will they be affected, what is in the change for them, how they can be supported, what kind of support we can get from them, what are their culture and values. All the questions will be answered at this point Engagement strategy At this point a managers need to decide how they are going to address the issues of stakeholders in order to gain their commitment and support. New MD of Gill Construction need to hold a meeting with management of the company. Clearly define what He wants to achieve and what his goals are. Since his goal is to improve the quality of the work done and also expand the business. It will be then the job of Management to directly contact their respective staff members and explain the situation to them. Ideas for improvement will be taken. Meeting and Presentations will be held with suppliers and explain your objective to them. Also Management will seek advice from regulatory bodies to assists them in improving the H S at workplace. Banks and Lenders will also be taken into confidence. A clear business plan will be presented to them. Optimise their Support next step in this cycle is to optimise the support from stakeholders. Managers need to be very clear and specific about their objective to the stakeholder and try to get most out of them. They need to keep good relationships with their lenders/ banks and suppliers. Monitor the last and final stage is to monitor the strategy. They need to keep going back to their stakeholders and ensure their support is still with them. If they have any kind of doubts they need to clear them out. Develop a change management strategy with stakeholders A strategy will be formed which will help management at Gill Construction to gain commitment from their stakeholders. A general change management strategy involves three steps: Situational awareness before a companywide change is implemented, everyone will be made aware of the change and what is going to happen in result of this change. A vision will be created Stakeholders will be informed that how this will effect. Suppliers will be notified about what will be expected of them. Employees will be taken into confidence to avoid panic. Supporting structures second step is to structure teams and sponsor coalition. They will be debriefed about who is going to do what. If they will be let go off, they will be informed at this stage. They will be informed that they need to trained to operate the new machinery. Bank or Lender will be informed about new purchases and equipment. New policy about H S will be sent to HSE and they will be informed about it. Suppliers will be contacted and new terms regarding JIT will be set, also material price will be revisited.   Strategy analysis this stage involves risk analysis to be carried out. what degree of risk is involved in this change. What will happen if this strategy fails. In case there is no progress even after this change, what will we do, what if lenders refuse to pass a load. In case of resistance from stakeholders a resistance to change strategy will be required. Management will give their best to negotiate on good terms with the suppliers and use the bargaining power. Management also need to convince the bank and lenders to pass the load and take them into confidence. Create a strategy for managing resistance to change It is in human nature that whenever they are asked to move out of their comfort zone or change, they resist it. When organisations go under change it is very obvious that stakeholders will be afraid of its outcome. Hence it is very important to manage this resistance because this resistance can raise the risk factor during the change or transition process. Passive versus Active Resistance A framework adopted from Active Passive Being critical Agreeing verbally but not following through Ridiculing failing to implement change Appealing to fear Procrastinating or  dragging one feet Using facts selectively Feigning ignorance Blaming or accusing Withholding information, suggestion, help or support Intimidating or threatening Standing by or allowing change to fail Manipulating Blocking Starting rumours Arguing Managing Resistance Before a change is implemented it is very important for managers to either eliminate resistance completely or bring it down to a very lower level such that it has a very minor effect. There can be number of ways for managing this resistance. Some of the ways adopted by Gill Construction can be: Communication everyone within the organisation should be made aware of the situation. Managers need to communicate openly with all the stakeholders and discuss the issues with them. Even if they are supporting the change management need to check with them back to back to ensure the full commitment. Management need to hold meetings, brainstorming session with the staff and communicate with them. Suggestions will be taken from the staff and their participation will be encouraged. Training staff will be provided with appropriate training to build up their skills so that they can operate the new machinery. This will help to eliminate the resistance put up by the operational workforce. Also work-shops will be held with other staff to ensure that they are not left behind. They will be provided with the information and steps involved in this transition will be explained to them. Feedback Taking feedback or suggestions from the stakeholders is always the best way to gain their commitment. This shows to them that management is still listening to them and they hold a value to them. Taking feedback about the training is also good to monitor the staff performance. Develop appropriate models for change In the current scenario, Gill Construction has newly appointed Managing Director, who is not very happy with the current operational situation of the organization .He wants to improve the internal situation of the organization as well as the product quality. In past there were a lot of incidents related to poor health and safety at work place, this was due to the fact that no one was following the policy. Also there were cases of project being delayed due to the lack of appropriate equipment and machinery. Since the management decided to go under a change they have faced a heavy resistance from Suppliers, and employees. Also there were concerns over H S policy. The appropriate change management model for Gill construction would be ADKAR model by Prosci. Awareness Management need to create awareness among all the stakeholders and communicate the vision to them clearly, this will help to get them on board. Meeting will be held with suppliers and explain to them about the Just in Time approach for the material in order to avoid storage costs and material wastage. Employees will be explained that what will be expected of them. They will be informed about the new machinery and equipment and their usage. They will also be debriefed about following H S policies or they will face fine. Desire next step is to get feedback from the stakeholders and see what they desire. Full stakeholder participation will be encouraged. They will also monitor the desire for the stakeholders to change. This will be done using meeting and brainstorming sessions Knowledge next step is to educate and train the staff. This will help to motivate the work force and gain their trust. A list will be made regarding the skills and knowledge needed to support the change. If the supplier can provide the stuff on time. Ability even if the stakeholders have the skills and knowledge to support the change but do they have the ability to support it. For-example Supplier has the complete knowledge of JIT and has skilled work force but do not have enough sources or ability to carry it out. Same is the case with employees they might have skills to operate the machinery but they might not have ability to work at a certain place Reinforcement   the last step is to reinforce the sources to retain change. Training should be provided to the staff to motivate them and make them feel empower. Also managers need to look if the current supplier cannot agree on the new terms than a new supplier might be required. Plan to implement a model for change Organizational Development A companywide effort to increase organizations effectiveness. It focuses to change the beliefs, attitudes, values, and structure of the organization, so that it can adopt the change e.g. technological or new market or competitor. OD involves process re-engineering and system re-structuring within the organization to increase the effectiveness. Business Process Re-engineering- the complete rethinking, redesigning and reengineering of the business process. The process of material delivery or supply chain will be redesigned. Supplier will be asked to adopt the JIT approach and supply the material at right time. The material will be kept in very low quantity, and if there is need of more material Mangers have to inform supplier prior to 3-days. They will demand for more stock when they have 20% of the stock left. Also Management will adopt a strict approach towards H S policies at work place. If anyone found in violation of these policies will be heavily fined. Customers will be in direct contact with the Project Manager and everything will be done through him. Project Manager will discuss the issues with senior management on weekly basis. Push-Pull Strategy In the current system, organization is following the Push Strategy, which means the stock is Supplier driven. The demand for material is sent to the supplier and it is then delivered but it is resulting in overstocking and in some cases delays which is unacceptable. Hence a new strategy is required, which will be Pull based supply chain. In this strategy the order is placed by the organization in the required quantity, and supplier has to deliver that on time. This will be a mix of Push and Pull. The demand will be given by Gill Construction when the stock reached the 20% mark, and then supplier will be required to deliver the material as demanded. Develop appropriate measures to monitor progress Once the change implementation strategy is planned, the next step is to put appropriate measures in place which will monitor the performance. This can be achieved with the use of following: Goal-based evaluation the aim of this evaluation is to monitor the performance of change and see if the desired goals have been achieved, this involves: Formulating clear goals, what we wanted to achieve. The goal was to improve the operational quality and supply chain. The next step is to align the organizational goals with the change goals. Gill Construction aim is to provide quality service to the client and gaining customer satisfaction, that will be aligned with the goals for change, the change was required to improve supply chain, and also service quality by using new equipment. Next step is to recognize if we have achieved our goals. The effectiveness of supply chain can be checked by measuring waste levels. Also work force commitment can be seen by appraisals and the percentage of accidents at work place. Process-based evaluation it is another tool which measures the effectiveness on the basis of process performance. This checks if the process redesigning has improved the service quality. It will focus on the supply chain process and see if the process has shown its effectiveness. Are the stakeholders happy with the process. The new process for customers to be in direct contact with project manager and not with head office, is it really helping customers or not. Feedback can be taken at this point, which can assists the managers in monitoring the situation.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Leaders of the Nation of Islam Essay -- Black Muslim Malcolm X Elijah

Leaders of Nations The Nation of Islam impacted many African American people during its time. This Black Muslim nation demanded adherence to basic teachings, which included racial separation, white devilry, and the coming Armageddon. None of these basic teachings supported James Baldwin’s perceptions, which pitied whites for their inability to see through the color curtain and embrace differences that whites and blacks held together to create a better, inexorable, and supreme nation. Leaders such as Elijah Muhammad and Malcolm X provided the vision of the Nation of Islam. These moguls proved to be two of the most powerful leaders of their time. They paved their way through history and rightfully landed a spot belonging to the Islam nation. Even after death, Elijah Muhammad and Malcolm X still influence people in communities around the world to look beyond themselves and conquer a solution to the problems that societies still face. However there were some that did not concur with the Nation of Islam, and one of these people was James Baldwin. Although Baldwin, like a lost child, is not confident as to where or to whom he belongs to in life, Baldwin is certain that a black nation separated from all other races will only separate blacks from the future of a better nation and keep them from further developing as a community. Born in Georgia on October 7, 1897, the first leader of the Nation of Islam was a man named Elijah Muhammad. He has often been portrayed as a saint by his peers, but during World War II, Elijah Muhammad expressed support for Japan, on the basis of its being a nonwhite country, and was jailed for sedition. On August 24, 1946 Muhammad was released from prison in Milan, Michigan. Accord... ...We Need Not Look for Another. Phoenix, Arizona: Truth Publications, 1971. Harris, Robert L. "Malcolm and the Cross." Rev. of Malcolm and the Cross: The Nation of Islam, Malcolm X, and Christianity, by Louis A DeCaro Jr. New York University Press 1998. Hoffer, Eric. "The Negro Is Prejudiced Against Himself; The Negro Is Against Himself." New York Times 29 Nov. 1964, sec. M: 27-35. Kihss, Peter. â€Å"In Return for Years of Slavery, Four or Five States.† New York Times 23 Apr 1961: 1. Kihss, Peter. â€Å"Negro Extremist Groups Step Up Nationalist Drive.† New York Times 1 March 1961: 2. "Man of Myth and Fact: Elijah Muhammad." New York Times 29 June 1964: 32. Trinklein, Rhaya. The Official Website of Malcolm X. 24 Nov. 2003. CMG Worldwide. .

Monday, November 11, 2019

Acknowledgement of report Essay

I had sincerely expressed my ineptness & gratitude towards Max Life Insurance for giving me an opportunity to join this esteem organization for 45 days of summer training. My summer training in Max Life Insurance Kurukshetra, of duration 45 days has been quite successful. During my stay for 45 days, I had received full co-operation from employees and officers of the Max Life Insurance. The practical visualization of the summer training has helped me to understand a lot of practical things. In order to acquire myself to the task of the organization and to analyze them, I met staff who helped by their kind co-operation and guidance. During the training they have been giving the practical knowledge .I would be special thank to our college faculty (HOD) under supervision this topic. This Acknowledgement would be incomplete if I fail to express my deep gratitude towards all the facility of Kurukshetra Institute who gave me a lot of support and guidance .Last but not least I would be special gratitude to our all friends who heartening me to complete this project. PREFACE In our two year degree program of M.B.A of theirs provision for doing training, after 2nd semester. The essential purpose of this project is given an exposure and detailed outlook to the student of practical concept, which they already studied research. For this purpose, I assigned the project for the â€Å"RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION â€Å"in MAX LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY. It is a matter of great privilege to get training from MAX, One of the largest organizations of its kind. I hope this report will provide an experiment outlook to the dynamic functioning in the HR DEPTT. Of this company.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Sunset at Santorini Essays

Sunset at Santorini Essays Sunset at Santorini Essay Sunset at Santorini Essay This evening, we decided to go watch the sunset at Santorini, a beautiful island which had a sunset that meant exactly beauty beyond measure. I consider myself lucky to have even set foot on this faraway island, let alone, witness this truly extraordinary event. After my first glance at it, I was captivated. My family and I were on a vacation to Santorini. One of the biggest parts of it was the sunset.From our hotel, we rode a Taxi to Oia, the best place to view the sunset. By 7 o’clock in the evening, the place was already swarming with people. We walked along with the vast wave of crowd, looking for a place to sit. Suddenly, I saw it. Just beside the path full of people, there was a large stone boulder; the perfect viewing spot. After waiting for the sunset for about 30 more minutes, it was finally here. The sky flared with radiant streaks of color, which settled on top of the ocean.Light purple, cotton candy pink, brilliant orange, and bright golden yellow swirls decorated the evening sky, as if alight with fire. All the smooth colors blended perfectly into each other. The once-fiery sun, now glowing softly, rested upon the tranquil, dark-blue ocean, slowly sinking into the horizon. As the last ray of light faded, everything was dark and peaceful. Suddenly, a standing ovation filled the air. I was among those clapping like I have never before.The sun had set, in a way that filled the sky, even though it, itself, was small compared to the endless sky. It has shown its importance here and was off to somewhere else to shine. After that breathtaking display of nature’s beauty, it was time to retire to bed. As I lied down on my silky mattresses, I thought back to what just happened. I had just observed a sunset on Santorini. It is considered one of the world’s most magnificent sunsets. â€Å"It was an amazing sight! † I whispered into the air as the marvelous feeling of awe swept over me again.

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

MEMS essays

MEMS essays Micro-Electromechanical Systems (MEMS) Micro-electromechanical systems are a technology based on the combination of computer and mechanical elements such as: sensors, valves, actuators, mirrors and gears enclosed in semiconductor chips. It is basically the integration of micromechanisms and microelectronics. The combination of these engineering areas makes impact near all branches of science and technology in fields such as biology, medicine, automotive engineering and others. MEMS, also called smart matter, because they are able to do information processing and transduction tasks for certain applications. So it would be a device that can sense and react accordingly to the environment. Motivating factors behind MEMS include the package size due to its decreased size. In addition facts of manufacturing and economic advantages are also present. Potentially, such chips can be built in large quantities at low cost. A high develop sensor takes information from the environment without damaging the environment. Therefore, ener gy exchange is reduced. Fast response and high sensitivity with minimal power are also important attributes. MEMS can be used for numeral purposes. MEMS are being used in lots of different fields of science and engineering, such as: biotechnology, communications, accelerometers and other. In the biotechnology field, DNA amplification and identification system has been developed called Polymerase Chain Reaction. A Scanning Tunneling Microscope, for the detection of hazardous chemical and biological agents. In communications high frequency devices circuits would be benefit by MEMS technology. Inductors and tunable capacitors with are electronic devices can improve if made with MEMS technology. All of these will improve the performance of communication circuits and at the same time power consumption and cost will be reduced. MEMS accelerometers are replacing the ones now for crash air bag deployment system...

Monday, November 4, 2019

Taking both a product and a service of your choice you are to identify Essay

Taking both a product and a service of your choice you are to identify the elements of the marketing mix - Essay Example Keeping the aim of customer satisfaction in mind, it becomes essential for the marketers to make sound decisions regarding various aspects of the product or service (marketing mix), rather making decision solely on the basis of estimates or guesstimates. As a result of evolution of such concepts in the business world, the field of marketing has now become something far beyond rule of thumb decision making. This article is intended to analyze the marketing mix (product, price, place and promotion) of one commodity and one service. Before starting the evaluation, it is essential to have a brief overview of the theoretical basis of the elements of marketing mix. In the end, we will comment on the effectiveness of marketing mix of both of them. The marketing mix is one of the most frequently used term in the field of marketing, in fact we can call it a buzz word of marketing. It includes the basic tactical components of marketing mix. Traditionally there are four elements of marketing mix; product, pricing, place, promotion. However, some of the authors add other three Ps too, to make it 7 Ps. The rest of the three are process, people and physical environment. All these Ps have a number to specific decisions to be taking and the sum total of all those decisions ultimately contribute to what we call marketing mix, a set of tactical decisions aimed to better market the product and thus increase customer satisfaction. Costa coffee established its first coffee shop â€Å"Costa Expresso Bar† in 1978 in Vauxhall Bridge Road in London. Even to this date, they still use the same method of slow-roasting coffee beans. Now it serves the brothers’ authentic blend of 6 Arabica beans to 1  Robusta in 500 coffee shops all over the world. The brand name of COSTA has been promoted as a symbol of status, a symbol of high class. The COSTA coffee is basically a hot drink; however, the various customer researches show that customers who have come here are actually not more intend to

Saturday, November 2, 2019

History of my immigration or how I got the new life Essay

History of my immigration or how I got the new life - Essay Example Realizing that conditions were not going to get better in Tyver, I decided that immigration to the United States would be the best course of action for finding a more suitable and rewarding lifestyle. To accomplish those goals, I completed my Russian education by attending college while also working as a data entry clerk at a local factory. Five years later, further economic disruptions caused significant changes to my stable lifestyle in the Soviet Union, causing huge financial losses through lost bank accounts, job stability, and loss of pensions in the entire family. It is next to impossible to accurately inform an individual what it feels like to not know where your next meal will come from, however this was the reality of life in the Moscow region in the early portion of the 1990’s. Hunger was a common element of lifestyle as salaries regarding work outputs were delayed not only for weeks, but for years on end, due to any variety of broad economic rationales. Realizing that I could no longer sustain myself in Russia, I began to explore alternatives, as I had a great education, but no appropriate clothing, no job, and was only 25 years old. I happened upon a newspaper advertisement which stated Change your life and earn money in the process, which was a promotion for USA jobs. A couple of days later, I made the phone call, despite being apprehensive about potentially moving to a foreign country. This singular phone call changed my life entirely. Over a period of weeks, I began to collect all of the necessary information required to travel to the United States, including a visa and a travel ticket. By June 1, 1998, I was ready to leave Russia behind to begin a new life overseas. Though I was quite nervous about making the transfer, unsure of what I would find in the U.S., I realized that there could be no looking backwards if I wanted to find a new life and experience a better quality of living. Upon arrival, I found radical differences in the social

Thursday, October 31, 2019

T-Moblie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

T-Moblie - Essay Example public, Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Montenegro, Macedonia, Poland, the Netherlands, United Kingdom and the Slovakia– including the US Virgin Islands, US, and the Puerto Rico. On the global level, the International subsidiaries of T-Mobile possess total subscribers which are roughly 150 million in number, which makes it the twelfth-largest service provider of mobile phone in the entire world in terms of subscribers. Besides this, T-Mobile bags the rank of the third-largest multinational and stand after Spains Telefà ³nica and UKs Vodafone. T-Mobile, in the year 2010, became the segment of the agreement of joint venture with the UK mobile-network provider of France Telecom, Orange UK. These companies combined and formed the largest mobile-network operator of UK and called itself Everything Everywhere. However, even after forming the joint venture, the Orange brands and T-Mobile go on to co-exist in the markets of United Kingdom. T-Mobile complies with all the laws which are applicable to the state and federal codes of laws and regulations. The management of the company does not indulge in any activity which violates the policies of the company such as non-retaliation, non-discriminatory and non-harassment policies. The unacceptable conduct in the company constitutes of violation of company laws and policies, removal of the property of company without permission, willful or neglectful damage or defacing of the company property, dishonesty, fraud, improper record keeping and all the related activities. Any criminal conviction amongst the employees results in their termination from the company. Besides this, all the secret trade laws and other legal information are kept confidential from others except the concerned parties. The company makes the decisions in the business by giving proper consideration to the social, ethical and legal regulations. The T-Mobile makes returns to the society through the afterschool community outreach program. The company makes efforts to

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Biodiversity Museum exhibit Presentation Essay Example for Free

Biodiversity Museum exhibit Presentation Essay Very little is known about biodiversity and its effect on livelihood and the environment. In order to clearly understand where we are coming from a clear definition of the broad concept is in order Biodiversity is the difference in number, frequency and variety of living organisms in an ecological system. This includes plants, animals, birds, fish among others. Basically this term encompasses variety of ecosystems species, and relative abundance (http://www. equalearth. org/wildlifeextinction. htm ). Importance of Biodiversity. Tropical rainforests are dying or being cut down at a faster rate than be replaced. The rainforests play a vital role in water catchments areas and are home to thousands of birds spices and animals. The replacement of these forest with artificial ones is insufficient because the rainforest support undergrowth and attract more rain. Animals species take millions of years to adapt to their habitat and no human being should fuel elimination of such progress. Biodiversity sustains our own survival as well as that of the global economy. The small millipedes play a profound role of improving the quality of our soils. The same also goes for the fungi, algae, and bacteria among other microorganisms. These organisms aerate the soils, incorporate crucial elements like minerals and nitrogen. Additionally ecosystems in marshes remove excess nutrients from the soil. A good example is the mollusus. The forests reduce soil erosion through wind and water. What’s more, forests hold the soil firmly together thus preventing landslides. Furthermore, biodiversity ensures stabilization of the climate in the sense that they act as repositories of CO2 in exchange for O2, act as wind breakers and lessen the brunt of freezing temperatures. Other benefits include controlling natural disasters, pollinations of plants by the bees and birds thus better crop production and such like. On a different note biodiversity provide food security, aesthetic, medicinal bioprospecting, spiritual healing and value. Virginia is an area rich in biodiversity with variety of native plants and animals. It is important that this ecosystem is preserved and hence it is important to educate visitors on the causes of wildlife extinction. Deforestation is one reason that causes extinction as humans destroy forest to build roads, cultivate and other infrastructure. In US only 15% of tropical forest remains. Other causes of wildlife extinction include poaching, habitat degradation (through mining), animal diseases, pollution and overexploitation (http://www. equalearth. org/wildlifeextinction. htm ). The aquatic life is also not spared. Whales, Atlantic cod, bald eagle and others are hunted town piercely for economic gains especially whale oil. Water pollution has also killed several aquatic species in a short duration. The impact of wildlife extinction on our world increases as the destruction of ecosystem progresses. This is because each species of living organism has a role in maintaining a balance in the system. If one species becomes extinct the whole system is destabilized. For example the food consumed by that species will overpopulate causing the others that fed it to reduce. Extinction of wildlife depraves future generations from knowing nature as it was. The extinction of dinosores millions of years ago stripped humanity of the knowledge of such creatures. Extinction of species also die hence food insecurity and economic loss. The relationship between wildlife extinction and deforestation is clear cut. The rainforests support life of over a million species of plant and animals. Deforestation Randers these animals homeless and without food to eat. The destruction of their habitat forces them to look in other areas which they are not adapted to. In such a case only the fittest survive the hostile environment fuelling extinction. Deforestation leads to food insecurity for animals, which eventually starve to death. Additionally exposing animals to unsheltered habitats puts them in the hands of poachers who kill then for money. This leads to extinctions of wildlife. Besides, deforestation strips wildlife of their homes, which in turn exposes hem to adverse climate and temperatures causing diseases and death, thus extinction. Deforestation has some current and potential impacts on world cultures. For instance, the economic lifestyle of a people in Brazil depends on extraction of rubber, nuts and other raw materials which they sell to companies in exchange of money to buy food and other necessities. Deforestation hampers this source of income. Culture incorporates the kind of shelter, foods and lifestyles people have. Deforestation causes disharmony in this culture in that indigenous people go without traditional medicine from tees, lack materials for building their homes, go without recreation facilities and no longer have good soil to cultivate crops. Given that clear understanding, of biodiversity, I have been hired by the largest, natural history museum in the world and charged with the responsibility of designing an exhibit that introduces visitors to the importance of biodiversity, causes of wildlife extinction, ways that wildlife extinction impacts on the world, causes of deforestation, and its relationship to wildlife extinction current and potential impacts of deforestation on world cultures and description of the methods that are and could be implemented to preserve the present level of aquatic biodiversity. This task is equally challenging, as it is exciting. The proposed design will be submitted to the Museum’s board or trustees. Aquatic life zones Currently, the US and other countries have realized the importance of aquatic biodiversity and taken steps to preserving it. The well-being of lakes and water bodies directly promotes well-being of aquatic life. The US has laid down laws that prohibit pollution of H2O. It has also banned the use of pesticides and fertilizers that contain elements which could pollute water. Sensitization of communities living near tributaries to plant trees by rivers sides has also helped to preserve aquatic life fro soil sedimentation. The coral reefs are an attractive feature of aquatic biodiversity. The EPA has been in the forefront of banning sewage discharges (human/industrial) which deposit pathogens and other harmful compounds into the coral reefs thereby destroying them. In Florida, the FKNMS) ensures sustainability of the Florida key reefs with the help of EPA and NOAA. As it stands the EPA intends to develop a watershed approach to protect coral reefs. Reference http://www. equalearth. org/wildlifeextinction. htm Accessed on 11th October 2007

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Factors Affecting General Motors

Factors Affecting General Motors Industry involved in the design, development, manufacture, marketing and sale of motor vehicles are known as automotive industry. More than million of motor vehicles, including cars and commercial vehicles were produced worldwide in 2007. Figures show that in 2007, around 71.9 million new automobiles were sold worldwide in which 22.9 m sold in Europe, 21.4 m in Asia-Pacific, 19.4 m in USA and Canada, 4.4 m in Latin America, 2.4 m in the Middle East and 1.4 m in Africa. Though the markets in North America and Japan were inactive but in South America and Asia markets grew very strongly. Russia, Brazil and China were the one who showed rapid growth compare to others. In 2008, automotive industry were experiencing a combination of pricing pressures from raw material cost and changes in consumer buying habits due to rapid rise in the price of oil. G.M and other automotive industries were also facing external competition from the public transport sector, as consumers re-evaluate their private vehicle usage. U.S is the worlds largest consumer market for light vehicles, passenger cars and light trucks which are conquered by big three companies i.e. General Motors, Ford Motors and Daimler/Chrysler. But recently these three industries were started to lose their market share to other rivals within the industry. General Motors are facing huge competition by domestic company such as Ford Motors and Daimler/Chrysler and also by foreign companies such as Toyota Motors and Honda Motors who are able to produce car much cheaper cost than General Motors. In 2006, General Motors has been bankrupted and has been avoiding a filing for years. For years it has been using cars as razors to sell consumers a monthly package of razor blades- in the form of highly profitable car loans. And the reasons for its bankruptcy are because they were focusing mostly on their finance division rather than it vehicle design operation. GM cars were poorly designed and build, took long time to manufacture as compare to its toughest competitor Toyota who has better designed and high quality and cheaper. In past GM controlled half of North America vehicle market but presently it has only 19 percent control as GM has been ignoring competition due to which Toyota and other industry took over the market share. Since General Motors were focusing on making profit from finance they did not care about building better vehicles. It was managing in bubble as GM rewarded those employees who followed the old way of doing things and those who praises CEO wisdom and carry out his orders. PEST Analysis (P)olitical: Since 1960, there were more powerful and strict laws and Government intervention that has affected GM and other car industries. Mostly, all regulation was related to consumer increasing concern for environment and concern for the safer automobiles. (E)conomical: Automobile Industries plays an important role on every countries economy. As Automotive industry are major user of computer chips, aluminium, textiles, copper, steel, iron, lead, plastics, vinyl and rubber. Research and study had shown that for every autoworker there are seven other jobs created in other industry which include aluminium to lead to vinyl. (S)ociocultural: Todays people are mostly concern about their status and society judges on the basis of what type of car one drives. Manufacture takes advantage of this thought and target the market. Every one want attractive and nice car which other people admires. Consumers feel better when they driving nice and new car. (T)echnology: Internet had played a significant role in automotive industry. A study showed that about 60 % buyers referred to internet before making their purchase and out of that 60 percentage. 88 % buyer went to auto website before going and taking test drive. Strength and Weakness of General Motors. Strengths: Huge Market Share: Although General Motors market shares has dropped in United States but it still has very much competitive at 26 percent. On the other hand, it is increasing its share in Chinese market and world wide. They still believes that they have an opportunity to become automotive leader once again as it was before. Global Experience: Although General Motors share have decline recently but they have capability of becoming leader once again due to vast experience of almost 100 years. As GM current opportunity is to expand globally and it has got experience to do so. Variety of Brand names General Motors had been leaders in the past and reason for that is wide variety of quality brand names that differentiate it from other automotive manufacturer. Its current brands include GMC, GM Daewoo, Chevrolet, Pontiac, Saturn, Hummer, Saab, Holden, Buick, Cadillac, Opel, Vauxhall and Wuling. GMAC Customer Finance Program Since, General Motors Acceptance Corporation establishment in 1919, it has proven to be GMs most reliable source of revenue. On Star Satellite technology Star Satellite technology was developed in1996 with a subscriber of more than 3 million and it is the standard of all GM vehicles. The benefit of this technology is that vehicle can be easily tracked at the time of emergency or theft. On the other hand, it allows the driver as well as passengers to communicate with On star personnel just in one click of button. Weaknesses: Behind on Alternative Energy Movement: This is one of the biggest weaknesses of General Motors. The alternative energy/hybrid technology has already taken place in the automotive industry and GM has been one step behind the competition in terms of alternative energy vehicles. As a result, GM faced lots of problem including loss of market shares and fall in company profit. Now days for any automotive company looking for success must be Hybrid friendly and fuel efficient. Poor Organizational Structure: This is the second and significant weaknesses of GM. Its organizational structure seems to be too vertically integrated. As a result, there is lack of communication between top level management and bottom level management and may have played a part in GM falling behind on the alternative energy movement. Stagnant Profitability: General Motors profit has been certainly falling and they are struggling with respect to the size of their company. General Motors profit margin was about 1.5 % and the ROE has dramatically decreasing by dropping to 10 % in 2004. At this situation shareholders are not happy and they are becoming less interested. Fully Based on US market: For any one who is concentrating on one particularr market cant be successful. This is what happened to GMs case, it fully dependent on the US market. It must take advantage of the opportunity to expand globally. Due to high competition, it is becoming too strong to focus on just one country. Over Dependent on General Motors Acceptance Corporation (GMAC) Financing: The other important weakness of General Motors is that it is too dependent on its financing program. Although, it is accepted that it is a great strength for GM, however it will be a problem if it solely rely on financing and cant turn profits, in order to compete with Honda and Toyota who are rapidly growing. Poor Credit Status: GMs credit status is steadily declining same as everything else. It is losing credit in market and amongst the customer. Its current ratio is merely above 1 and its acid test is even lower. Poor strategies and lack of Foresight: Due to increase in oil prices, consumers began to turn away from SUVs, but still General Motors predicted much of its operating success on its ability to sell newly unpopular vehicles. While companies like Toyota, were concentrating on light vehicle and in improving efficiency where GM assumed sales would continue in future. ALTERNATIVE FORMS OF ORGANISATION DEVELOPMENT Organizational Development is a system which differs from other systems of organizational change by putting stress/focusing on process rather than problems. In fact, change system focuses on identifying problems in an organization and then trying to alter the behaviour that creates the problem. OD is a methodology intended for use in complex situations to provide intervention strategy for change management. OD finds the behavioural interactions and the pattern that creates or sustain problem. In fact, OD does not change the behaviours, but they focus on creating a behaviourally healthy organization that will automatically solve and prevents the problems. OD generally considered long term effort that is of at least one to three years in most cases. In addition, it mostly focuses on combined management where manager and workers of different level communicate and unite to solve the problem. OD understands the fact that all organization is different and same solution cant put in every co mpany. The other feature of OD is that it gives importance to team work and small group. The important features of OD programs is the change agent, that is group or individual which makes OD process much easier. Almost all change agent are consultant from outside who are experienced in managing OD programs but sometimes companies may utilize its inside managers. The benefits of consultant from outside are that they provide a different outlook and have a less biased view of the organizations problems and needs. The disadvantage of outside change agents is that its lack an in depth of understanding of main issues mainly one specific organization.